政府信息公开诉讼被告资格认定标准的反思与完善  

Reflection and Perfection of the Standard of Defendant Qualification in Information Disclosure Litigation

作　　者：黄晨阳 HUANG Chen-yang(Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《山东行政学院学报》2022年第4期32-39,共8页Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“行政诉讼实质性解决争议的制度构造”(21AFX008)。

摘　　要：随着政府信息公开事业的不断推进,信息公开主体越发多样,政府信息公开诉讼被告资格认定问题争议频出。我国行政诉讼被告资格认定标准建基于行政主体理论,要求被告应当具有行政主体身份或地位,这与政府信息公开实践情况相去甚远。政府信息公开有别于传统的行政管理活动,尤其是不再强调信息公开主体的行政主体性,更加重视从实质层面保障和满足相对人的知情需要,因此坚持被诉主体应具有行政主体身份或地位,将导致大量信息公开争议排除在行政诉讼之外。为促进政府信息公开事业、保障相对人知情权益,建议针对政府信息公开的特殊情况对被告资格认定标准作适当调整。政府信息公开诉讼被告不必囿于形式意义上的行政主体身份,只要作出被诉行为的组织负有政府信息公开义务或具有社会公共服务职能就可以“行政主体”对待,允许启动行政诉讼程序。With the continuous advancement of government information disclosure,the subjects of information disclosure are becoming more and more diverse,and the disputes occur frequently about the qualification of defendants in information disclosure litigation.Based on the theory of an administrative subject,the standard of defendant qualification in administrative litigation in China requires the defendant to have the identity or status of administrative subject,which is far from the practice of information disclosure.Information disclosure differs from traditional administrative management activities in that there is less emphasis on administrative information disclosure subjectivity and more emphasis on requirements of the other party informed.Therefore,sticking to identity or status of administrative subject which the alleged subject should have will leave a lot of information open sores out of administrative litigation.In order to promote the cause of government information disclosure and protect the informed rights and interests of counterparts,the identification standard of the defendant qualification should be adjusted appropriately according to the concrete circumstances of information disclosure.The defendant of an information disclosure lawsuit need not be confined to the status of an administrative subject in the formal sense.As long as the organization that conducts the lawsuit has the obligation of information disclosure or has the function of social public service,it should be treated as an“administrative subject”and allowed to start the administrative litigation procedure.

关 键 词：政府信息公开 行政诉讼 被告资格 认定标准 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]