全球碳市场最新进展及对中国的启示  

Suggestions for China’s Carbon Market Based on Measurements of International Carbon Market

作　　者：陈星星[1] CHEN Xingxing(Institute of Quantitative&Technological Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所/中国经济社会发展与智能治理实验室,100732

出　　处：《财经智库》2022年第3期109-122,147,148,共16页Financial Minds

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“区域协同推进碳达峰碳中和路径与政策研究”(22ZDA114)。

摘　　要：在零碳目标的驱动下,近两年来全球碳市场取得快速发展。欧盟、美国、韩国等成熟碳市场国家相继改革碳交易实施方案,调整碳排放上限、完善市场稳定机制、扩大覆盖范围等。借鉴成熟市场的机制设计,德国、英国启动了国内碳市场,中国全国碳市场也于2021年正式上线交易,试运行阶段与地方试点市场并轨运行。相比成熟市场,中国碳市场仍处于初级阶段,覆盖范围有限、配额主要采取无偿分配方式、参与主体较少、衍生产品不足等问题导致成交活跃度不够,碳价水平相对较低。未来中国可借鉴国外成熟碳市场的经验,尽快建立试点省份与全国碳市场多向对接;加快引入拍卖机制,完善碳市场价格稳定机制;调整碳排放上限,将农业部门纳入碳定价机制;培育金融中介和第三方机构参与二级碳市场交易;构建元宇宙中国统一碳排放权交易市场,利用数字信息化技术拓宽交易渠道。Driven by the zero-carbon goal,the international carbon market has developed rapidly,forcing the global low-carbon transformation.Developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States have adopted revised legislation,resulting in the continuous rise of carbon prices.Developed countries such as New Zealand and South Korea have strengthened market reform and promoted the construction of carbon market into a new stage.A relatively complete operation system and implementation plan has been set up in the new carbon markets in Europe and Central Asia.Total control and emission reduction mechanisms have been implemented in North America,Latin America and the Caribbean.The construction of carbon market platforms in the Asia Pacific region has been carried out.A pilot carbon trading market between China’s provinces and a unified national carbon trading market should be established as soon as possible.We should accelerate auction and distribution,and improve the market price stabilization mechanism.The emission ceiling should be adjusted with reference to the EU package of carbon reduction plans and the agricultural sector should be included into the carbon mechanism.Financial intermediaries and third-party institutions should be encouraged to participate in secondary carbon market transactions.We should build a unified carbon emission trading market in China,expand trading channels by using digital information technology,and improve the construction of China’s unified carbon emission trading market.

关 键 词：碳排放权交易 统一碳市场 国际碳市场 绿色低碳 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F832.5[经济管理—金融学]