不同钾素水平对马铃薯养分吸收及酶活性与产量的影响  

Effects of Different Levels of Potassium on Potato Nutrition Uptake,Enzymatic Activity and Yield

作　　者：顾小凤 魏全全 芶久兰 张萌 何佳芳 柳玲玲 李飞[2] GU Xiaofeng;WEI Quanquan;GOU Jiulan;ZHANG Meng;HE Jiafang;LIU Lingling;LI Fei(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer/Guizhou Observation Experimental Station of Farmland Preservation and Agricultural Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Institute of Potato,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省马铃薯研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第8期15-24,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅项目“贵州省马铃薯遗传改良科技创新人才团队”[黔科合平台人才(2020)5002],“贵州省现代农业国际科技合作基地”[黔科合平台人才(2019)5804]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同钾素水平对马铃薯养分吸收及酶活性与产量的影响,为其生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】以马铃薯品种“费乌瑞它”为试材,采用砂培试验方法,研究0 mmol/L(K_(0))、1 mmol/L(K_(1))、3 mmol/L(K_(2))、5 mmol/L(K_(3))、7 mmol/L(K_(4))和9 mmol/L(K_(5))6个钾素水平对马铃薯养分吸收、酶活性与产量的影响。【结果】随着施钾量的增加,不同处理马铃薯产量、地上部生物量和地下部生物量均呈先升后降趋势,各处理分别为52.10~156.70 g/株、11.97~20.58 g/株和12.71~28.98 g/株,K_(4)产量较其余处理提高5.8%~200.7%;不同处理地上部和地下部氮素、磷素和钾素含量分别为24.25~32.34 g/kg、1.50~2.46 g/kg、7.00~55.73 g/kg和19.10~22.65 g/kg、2.51~3.70 g/kg、23.40~38.37 g/kg;钾素吸收利用率、生理利用率和农学效率均呈先升后降趋势,均在K_(2)时达最大,分别为55.5%、59.6 kg/kg和41.8 kg/kg;偏生产力(PFP)呈逐渐下降趋势,K_(1)最大,为98.2 kg/kg;不同处理粗蛋白含量呈降-升-降的变化趋势,K_(0)最高,为14.06%;淀粉、还原糖和维生素C含量均呈先升后降趋势,分别在K_(4)、K_(2)和K_(4)最高,分别为14.06%、18.20%和36.89 mg/100g;干物质含量总体呈下降趋势,K_(0)最高,为24.00%;不同处理马铃薯过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先升后降趋势,分别在K_(3)、K_(3)和K_(2)最高,分别为216.99 U/mg、5.60 U/mg和653.01 U/mg。【结论】适当施钾量可提高马铃薯的产量、养分吸收及酶活性,但钾素施用量过高,马铃薯产质量呈下降趋势,且抗逆酶活性降低;不考虑土壤供钾条件下,马铃薯钾肥施用量以3 mmol/L为宜。【Objective】The effects of different potassium levels on nutrient absorption,enzyme activity and yield of potato,so as to provide a scientific basis for its production and application.【Method】Using the potato variety‘Feuruta’as the test material,the sand culture method was used to study the effects of 0 mmol/L(K_(0)),1 mmol/L(K_(1)),3 mmol/L(K_(2)),5 mmol/L(K_(3)),7 mmol/L(K_(4))and 9 mmol/L(K_(5))potassium levels on nutrient uptake,enzyme activity and yield of potato.【Result】With the increase of potassium application rate,the potato yield,above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass of different treatments all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the treatments were 52.10~156.70 g/plant,11.97~20.58 g/plant and 12.71~28.98 g/plant.The yield of K_(4) increased by 5.8%~200.7%compared with other treatments.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the above ground and underground parts of different treatments were 24.25~32.34 g/kg,1.50~2.46 g/kg,7.00~55.73 g/kg,19.10~22.65 g/kg,2.51~3.70 g/kg,23.40~38.37 g/kg,respectively.Potassium uptake and utilization efficiency,physiological utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency were first decreasing and then decreasing,and all reached the maximum at K_(2),which were 55.5%,59.6 kg/kg and 41.8 kg/kg,respectively.The partial factor productivity(PFP)showed a gradually downward trend,and K_(1) was the largest with 98.2 kg/kg.The crude protein content showed a trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing,with K_(0) being the highest at 14.06%.The starch,reducing sugar and vitamin C contents were rising first and then falling,with the highest at K_(4),K_(2) and K_(4),which were 14.06%and 18.20%and 36.89 mg/100g respectively.The dry matter content showed a generally downward trend,and the K_(0) was the highest with 24.00%.The activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in potato with different treatments all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the highest values were found in K_(3

关 键 词：钾素水平 马铃薯 产量 养分吸收 品质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S532.06[农业科学—作物学]