分裂之家的友谊:柏拉图《法律篇》中的共同体  

Philia in a Divided Family:The Community in Plato’s Laws

作　　者：李猛 Li Meng

机构地区：[1]北京大学元培学院 [2]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国社会科学院大学学报》2022年第6期5-40,163,共37页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

摘　　要：对于如何理解柏拉图在《法律篇》中建立的城邦的性质,近年来学界有许多争论,但关键仍在于如何理解在面临分裂危险的共同体中建立的友谊的性质。本文系统考察《法律篇》中以划分和分配为出发点、围绕份地和家宅对共同所有的最佳城邦的模仿,特别关注城邦如何在具有不同德性的公民之间建立互惠性的友谊;并考察了城邦如何建立有助于友谊的统治关系,以及如何通过节制实现城邦的完全德性。亚里士多德关于城邦作为“共同体”的著名学说,可以说是柏拉图《法律篇》中阐述的■(友谊)形式的系统发展。对柏拉图《法律篇》中统治关系与平等性质的分析,有助于我们重新理解古典时代共同体的性质及其面临的主要挑战。There have been many academic debates on the understanding of the nature of the polis Plato constructed inLaws.However,the key lies in how to understand the nature of philia formed in the community under the risk of division.This paper systematically examines the imitation of the commonly-owned best polis by lotment and home based on division and distribution inLaws.In particular,it discusses how the polis built reciprocal philia among citizens of different virtues.In addition,it examines how the polis built the relationship of governance conducive to philia and how the complete virtue of the polis was achieved through moderation.Aristotle’s famous doctrine of the polis as a“community”can be viewed as a systematic development of the form philia formulated in Plato’sLaws.The analysis of the relationship of governance and the attributre of equality in Plato’sLawswill facilitate our new understanding in the the nature of community during the classical era and the major challenges it was faced with.

关 键 词：柏拉图 《法律篇》 友谊 节制 不平等 

分 类 号：B502.232[哲学宗教—外国哲学]