乾隆五十年明十三陵修葺始末  

A Review of The Ming Tombs Maintenance Project in The 50^(th)Year of Qianlong’s Reign

作　　者：周悦煌 王其亨[1] 王巍[2] 张凤梧[1] Zhou Yuehuang;Wang Qiheng;Wang Wei;Zhang Fengwu

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]南阳理工学院建筑学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第7期48-66,140,共20页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国古代建筑营造文献整理及数据库建设”(项目编号:14ZDB025)研究成果。

摘　　要：中国古代陵寝制度的发展错综复杂,历朝历代对待前朝陵寝的决策性举措同时增加了其演变进程的多样性,清乾隆五十年对明十三陵的修葺即为其中极具代表性的历史事件。20世纪80年代初天津大学首次发现乾隆皇帝希望嘉庆皇帝参照明长陵建造清裕陵大碑楼的谕旨,胡汉生依此线索开始追踪乾隆朝修葺明陵档案,2007年,王茹茹、张胜强为完成明永陵、明定陵建筑工程的全案研究,发掘到乾隆朝“呈十三陵汇总地盘图总平面图”。本文即在前述基础上,详细汇集整理相关文献、档案,深入解读“呈十三陵汇总地盘图”,全面梳理乾隆五十年修葺工程的来龙去脉,还原历史史实,并结合测绘勘查,详考《帝陵图说》《昌平山水记》,以探明明十三陵各主体建筑之真实形制。The imperial mausoleum system of ancient China went through complicated history,during which any decisive policies applied to the mausoleums of past dynasties would bring about whatever impacts upon the course of evolution.A case in point is the maintenance project of the Ming Tombs in the 50th year of Qianlong(乾隆) reign.In the early 1980s,Tianjin University first discovered Emperor Qianlong’s(乾隆) edict to Emperor Jia Qing(嘉庆) expecting him to build the Yuling Monument Pavilion after the style of the Changling Mausoleum of Ming dynasty,from which Mr.Hu Hansheng began to gather the archives related.In 2007,Wang Ruru and Zhang Shengqiang found out the’Panorama of The Sites of Ming Tombs’(Cheng Shi San Ling Hui Zong Di Pan Tu Zong Ping Mian Tú in Chinese pinyin) edited in Qianlong’s(乾隆) period when making all-round surveys to the Construction Projects of Yongling Tomb and Dingling Tomb of the Ming dynasty.Following the above,this thesis interprets in details the ’Panorama of The Sites of Ming Tombs’ by the documents and files available for the real story about the maintenance project of the Ming Tombs in Qianlong’s(乾隆) period.By the way,it expounds the shape and layout of the main buildings at the Ming Mausoleum by field-surveying and consulting historical literatures like the Illustrated Imperial Mausoleums’(Di Ling Tu Shuo in Chinese pinyin) the ’Landscape of Changping’(Chang Ping Shan Shui Ji in Chinese pinyin).

关 键 词：明陵形制 明陵修葺 呈十三陵汇总地盘图 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]