甘肃省肃北县马鬃山地区先民的生物考古学研究  

A STUDY ON THE BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ANCESTORS OF MAZONG MOUNTAIN AREA IN SUBEI COUNTY,GANSU PROVINCE

作　　者：陈靓[1,2,3] 任雪杰 凌雪[1,2,3] 席琳 文少卿 CHEN Liang;REN Xuejie;LING Xue;XI Lin;WEN Shaoqing(College of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation Technology(Ministry of Education),Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi;China-Central Asia Human and Environmental“the Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi;Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi;Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [2]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术(教育部)重点实验室,陕西西安710127 [3]西北大学中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室,陕西西安710127 [4]陕西考古研究院,陕西西安710054 [5]复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第4期1118-1128,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：2018年度国家社会科学基金重大项目(批准号:18ZDA218);2020年度国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:20BKG038);科技部中华文明探源工程研究项目“中华文明起源进程中的古代人群与分子考古学研究”(批准号:2020YFC1521607)共同资助。

摘　　要：甘肃省肃北县马鬃山因其连通新疆东部与内蒙古西部的独特地理位置一直是古代东西交通及游牧民族考古的重要地区。为了揭示“原匈奴”与我国西北地区人群的交流,本文采用体质人类学、生物力学、稳定同位素食谱分析、分子生物学以及碳十四测年等方法对甘肃省肃北县马鬃山同古图和山德遗迹区试发掘的4个墓葬点的4座墓葬出土的人骨进行了研究,发现具有东北亚蒙古人种面部特征的马鬃山先民生前经常从事奔跑、骑乘等活动强度较高的活动,食物结构以肉类为主,遗传结构显示与“原匈奴”人群有一定的关系,结合碳十四测年结果显示出其绝对年代为1955~1691 cal.BC,因此,初步推测其可能是与蒙古高原和外贝加尔地区的人群迁移进入我国北方地区进行人群交流与融合有关,虽然本研究个体数较少,但由于地理位置重要,研究视角全面,体现了生物考古学交叉学科的特点,对探讨我国西北地区早期人群及文化的交流具有重要意义。Because of its unique geographical location connecting eastern Xinjiang and western Inner Mongolia,Mazong Mountain has always been an important area of ancient east-west transportation and nomadic archaeology.In order to reveal the communication between the Original Huns and the people in Northwest China,this paper takes four tombs in Tonggutu relic area and Shande relic area in Mazong Mountain as the research object.Mazong Mountain is located in Subei County,Jiuquan City,Gansu Province,with 40°43’~43°00’N and 91°00’~102°00’E.In this paper,the methods of physical anthropology,biomechanics,stable isotope diet analysis,molecular biology and carbon dating were used to study the human bones unearthed from four tombs in four trial excavation sites.The results show that,The crowd with Northeast Asia mongoloid facial features,often engaged in running,riding high strength behavior,mainly meat food structure,has a certain relationship with the northern grasslands national population genetic structure.The carbon-14 dating result was 1955~1691 cal.BC.These evidences suggest that the Mazong Mountain area may be related to the migration of people from the Mongolian Plateau and outer Baikal into the northern part of China for human communication and integration.Although the number of individuals studied in this paper is small,due to the important geographical location and comprehensive research perspective,it reflects the characteristics of interdisciplinary bioarchaeology,which is of great significance to the discussion of early population and cultural exchanges in Northwest China.

关 键 词：生物考古学 人骨 马鬃山 游牧文化 原匈奴文化 

分 类 号：Q983.3[生物学—人类学] Q951