安徽阜南台家寺遗址出土龟甲的C、N稳定同位素分析  

STABLE ISOTOPIC( C,N) ANALYSIS OF TURTLE SHELL FROM THE TAIJIASI SITE IN FUNAN COUNTY,ANHUI PROVINCE

作　　者：杨娟[1] 姚政权[1] 郭怡[2] 谢诗雨 何晓琳 高颖彤 胡耀武 YANG Juan;YAO Zhengquan;GUO Yi;XIE Shiyu;HE Xiaolin;GAO Yingtong;HU Yaowu(Anhui Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics,Hefei 230601,Anhui;Department of Archaeology,Cultural Heritage and Museology,School of Art and Archaeology of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,Zhejiang;Department of Archaeology,School of History of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei;Department of Anthropology,Harvard University,Cambridge 02138,U.S.A.;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433;Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]安徽省文物考古研究所,安徽合肥230601 [2]浙江大学艺术与考古学院考古与文博系,浙江杭州310028 [3]武汉大学历史学院考古学系,湖北武汉430072 [4]哈佛大学人类学系,剑桥02138,美国 [5]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海200433 [6]复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2022年第4期1129-1135,共7页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41773008);科技部中华文明探源工程研究项目(批准号:2020YFC1521606);浙江省哲学社会科学规划项目(批准号:21NDJC031YB);浙江省社会科学“规划之江”青年项目(批准号:21ZJQN02YB);杭州市哲学社会科学规划常规性项目(批准号:Z20JC076)共同资助。

摘　　要：本研究以阜南台家寺遗址出土的商代龟甲及部分动物骨骼为材料,开展了C、N稳定同位素分析,在揭示动物食物结构的基础上初步探讨了先民对龟的使用及龟的来源问题。研究结果显示:龟甲的同位素数据相互之间差异较大,通过聚类分析大致可分为三类:第一类是高δ^(13)C和高δ^(15)N值(δ^(13)C=-20.3‰±0.4‰,n=3;δ^(15)N=7.8‰±0.2‰,n=3);第二类是δ^(13)C值居中,δ^(15)N值偏低(δ^(13)C=-21.6‰±0.4‰,n=4;δ^(15)N=7.0‰±0.3‰,n=4);第三类是δ^(13)C值偏低、δ^(15)N值居中(δ^(13)C=-23.7‰±0.6‰,n=4;δ^(15)N=7.6‰±0.3‰,n=4),这意味着该遗址出土的龟甲可能存在多种来源。究其原因,可能缘于先民制作卜甲时使用的龟来源于不同的栖息环境,抑或来源于不同种属的龟。这种用龟行为,或许与殷墟甲骨上记载的“贡龟”密切相关。尽管本研究通过稳定同位素分析揭示商代先民的用龟行为尚属初步,但毋庸置疑,本研究为全面探索商代先民的用龟行为、拓展甲骨学的研究领域提供了新的研究证据和视角。Oracle bones,dated to the Shang Dynasty,have always been one of the research hotspots since the finding in late 1890's in many fields.To understand the human behaviours on utilizing turtles made for oracle bones,we undertook carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of turtle shells and associated animal bone fragments from the Taijiasi site(32°42'02″N,115°53'51″E),Funan County,Anhui Province,China,dated to the Shang Dynasty.The isotope(C,N)data of the terrestrial animals indicate that they mainly consumed C3-based foods and that some ate substantial C4-based foods,which could have been relevant to the rice agriculture with millets as supplement in this region.Compared to the terrestrial animals,freshwater animals(fish and turtles)have lower δ^(13)C values and higher^(15)N values,characteristic of the organism in the freshwater ecosystems.The isotopic(C,N)data of turtle shells can be divided into three categories according to their differences.The first category have highest average δ^(13)C and^(15)N values(δ^(13)C=-20.3‰±0.4‰,n=3;^(15)N=7.8‰±0.2‰,n=3)while the second category have lower averageδ^(13)C and the lowest^(15)N values(δ^(13)C=-21.6‰±0.4‰,n=4;^(15)N=7.0‰±0.3‰,n=4).The third category have the lowest averageδ^(13)C and intermediate^(15)N values(δ^(13)C=-23.7‰±0.6‰,n=4;^(15)N=7.6‰±0.3‰,n=4).The isotopic diversities of turtle shells suggest that they might have either come from different niches or been attributed to different species.The various provenance of turtles might have been caused by the unique human behaviours relevant to tribute of turtles,which was recorded on the oracle bone inscriptions from the site of Yinxu.Although we carried on the preliminary discussion on the sources of turtle bones given the limited samples,our research provides new evidence and insights to exploring human behaviours on utilizing turtles,enlarging the scope of oracle bone studies.

关 键 词：台家寺遗址 龟甲 商代 碳氮稳定同位素分析 用龟行为 

分 类 号：P597.2[天文地球—地球化学] K877.1[天文地球—地质学]