不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌肌纤维类型和MYHC基因表达的比较  

Comparative on skeletal muscle fiber types and MYHC gene expression in yaks at different altitudes

作　　者：周娟 孟祥琼 秦鸿楠 万瑞东 李琳 张勤文[1] 荆海霞[1] 魏青[1] ZHOU Juan;MENG Xiangqiong;QIN Hongnan;WAN Ruidong;LI Lin;ZHANG Qinwen;JING Haixia;WEI Qing(Veterinary Medicine Department of Agricultural and Animal College,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院动物医学系,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2022年第6期1263-1269,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

摘　　要：为了阐明高原低氧对牦牛骨骼肌肌纤维类型的影响,本试验从青海省循化县(海拔2 200 m)、青海省海晏县(海拔3 200 m)、青海省祁连县(海拔3 900 m)选择临床健康的牦牛各3头,采用免疫组织化学方法(免疫荧光同源双标法)观测其骨骼肌中快肌、慢肌含量及比例和实时荧光定量PCR检测不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain, MYHC)各亚型mRNA的变化。结果表明,牦牛骨骼肌中快肌数量显著高于慢肌且随着海拔的升高,快肌数量比和面积比逐渐增大,而慢肌数量比和面积比逐渐减小。牦牛骨骼肌中MYHC各亚型间,MYH2基因相对表达量最高,其次是MYH1,且与MYH7相比差异显著(P<0.05);不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌MYHC相互比较,MYH1和MYH4基因相对表达量随海拔的升高而增加,差异显著(P<0.05)。快、慢肌的差异表达提示在牦牛体快肌纤维多于慢肌纤维;MYHC基因表达差异说明牦牛骨骼肌中调控快肌纤维表达的基因mRNA转录水平比调控慢肌纤维表达的基因高。牦牛骨骼肌表现出这种趋势可能与其所处的高原低氧环境有关,随海拔增高,环境中的氧含量不断减少,肌纤维的氧化能力受到限制,牦牛为适应低氧的环境,其骨骼肌发生了从慢肌纤维向快肌纤维转化的变化。In order to clarify the effect of plateau hypoxia on the types of skeletal muscle fibers in yak,this experiment selected Xunhua County in Qinghai Province(2 200 m above sea level),Haiyan County in Qinghai Province(3 200 m above sea level),and Qilian County in Qinghai Province(3 900 m above sea level).Clinically healthy yak 3 heads each,using immunohistochemical method(immunofluorescence homology double labeling method) to observe the content and proportion of fast muscle and slow muscle in skeletal muscle and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect skeletal muscle myosin weight of yak at different altitudes changes in mRNA of each subtype of myosin heavy chain(MYHC).The results showed that the number of fast muscles in yak skeletal muscle was significantly higher than that of slow muscles.With the increase in altitude,the number ratio and area ratio of fast muscles gradually increased,while the number ratio and area ratio of slow muscles gradually decreased.Among the subtypes of MYHC in yak skeletal muscle,the relative expression of MYH2 gene was the highest,followed by MYH1,and the difference was significant compared with MYH7(P<0.05);comparison of MYHC in skeletal muscle of yak at different altitudes,the relative expression of MYH1 and MYH4 genes it increases with the elevation,and the difference is significant(P <0.05).The differential expression of fast and slow muscle suggests that there are more fast muscle fibers than slow muscle fibers in the yak;the difference in MYHC gene expression indicates that the mRNA transcription level of genes that regulate the expression of fast muscle fibers in yak skeletal muscle is higher than that of genes that regulate the expression of slow muscle fibers.The yak skeletal muscle exhibits this trend may be related to the high altitude hypoxic environment.With the increase in altitude,the oxygen content in the environment continues to decrease,and the oxidative capacity of muscle fibers is restricted.In order to adapt to the hypoxic environment,yak skeletal muscle c

关 键 词：牦牛 肌纤维类型 免疫组化 MYHC 实时荧光定量PCR 高原低氧 

分 类 号：S829.9[农业科学—畜牧学]