基施锌肥对长期连作马铃薯抗病性相关酶活性、土传病害和产量的影响  

Effects of Basal Zinc Fertilizer on Activities of Disease Resistance-Related Enzymes,Soil Borne Diseases and Yield of Potato under Long-Term Continuous Cropping

作　　者：谢奎忠[1] 孙小花 罗爱花[1] 柳永强[1] 唐德晶 朱永永 胡新元[1] Xie Kuizhong;Sun Xiaohua;Luo Aihua;Liu Yongqiang;Tang Dejing;Zhu Yongyong;Hu Xinyuan(Potato Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院马铃薯研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第4期154-159,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860354);联合国世界粮食计划署“甘肃富锌马铃薯小农户试点项目”(WFPGSPP-1);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS36);甘肃省科技项目(GNKJ-2021-25,GNKJ-2021-26)。

摘　　要：为了研究微量元素锌对长期连作马铃薯的抗病性和土传病害的影响,2020-2021年在连续种植5年马铃薯的大田中分别基施0(对照,CK)、15、30、45和60.0kg/hm^(2) ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O,共5个处理。在薯块膨大期测定各处理马铃薯根系中抗病性相关酶的活性,调查土传病害,测定产量并进行分析。结果表明,长期连作马铃薯基肥中加入锌后,根系体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均显著提高,根系丙二醛(MDA)含量随着锌肥基施量的增加呈先降后升的变化趋势。基肥中加入30kg/hm^(2) ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O时,土传枯萎病和黑痣病的发病率和病情指数均达到最低值,马铃薯收获后,病薯率最低,商品薯率最高,经济产量最高。总之,基肥中加入30kg/hm^(2) ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O能有效提高长期连作马铃薯根系中抗病性相关酶活性,降低MDA含量,减轻土传枯萎病和黑痣病的发病率和病情指数,降低收获后病薯率,提高商品薯率,从而增加马铃薯经济产量。In order to study the effects of trace element zinc on the disease resistance and soil borne diseases of long-term continuous cropping potato,a field experiment with five treatments of 0(CK),15,30,45 and 60kg/ha ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O were set in the potato field of five consecutive years from 2020 to 2021.The activities of disease resistance-related enzymes in potato roots of each treatment were measured,soil borne diseases were investigated,and the yield was measured and analyzed.The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase in roots increased significantly of long-term continuous cropping potato after base fertilizer was added with zinc fertilizer.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in roots decreased first and then increased with the increase of zinc in base fertilizer.When 30kg/ha ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O was added into the base fertilizer,the incidence rate and disease index of Fusarium Wilt and Rhizoctonia solani were the lowest,with the lowest rate of diseased potato,the highest rate of commercial potato,and the maximum economic yield of potato after harvest.To summarise,adding 30kg/ha ZnSO_(4)·7H_(2)O can effectively improve the activities of disease resistance-related enzymes of long-term continuous cropping potato roots,decrease MDA content,incidence rates and disease indexes of Fusarium Wilt and Rhizoctonia solani,disease rate of potato after harvest,and increase rate of commercial potato,so as to increase economic yield of potato.

关 键 词：马铃薯 长期连作 锌肥 土传病害 抗病性相关酶 经济产量 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]