卷舌音  

On Retroflexed Sounds

作　　者：陈忠敏[1] CHEN Zhongmin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《民族语文》2022年第3期3-20,共18页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“上海城市方言现状与历史研究及数据库建设(19ZDA303)”资助。

摘　　要：卷舌音是一种依据感知命名的音类,低沉、含糊、浑厚是其听感音征。造成这些听感音征的发音动作主要有三:双唇收紧;卷舌动作;舌根与软腭、小舌或上咽腔处收紧。三处合力作用会增强卷舌听感音色。各语言(方言)中三处收紧的有无、程度大小不一,造成卷舌音种类有差异,卷舌音的音变方向也与此有关。本文分析世界各主要语言卷舌音的各种变异,归纳其共性,并联系卷舌音的三处收紧点解释汉语方言及周边少数民族语言卷舌音的音变方向。Retroflexed sounds are a class of perceptively named sounds, referred to by such colorful terms as “hollow,” “dark,” and “heavy”. In articulatory terms, these perceptive cues refer to sounds that are distinctively labialized, retroflexed, or pharyngealized(or, possibly, velarized or uvularized). The presence or absence of these articulatory movements and the varying degree of constriction of those movements among languages(dialects) lead to great differences in the types of retroflexed sounds and in the direction of change of retroflexed sounds. In this paper, I first discuss the variations of retroflexed sounds in the major languages of the world, especially in Chinese dialects, sum up their commonalities, and then explore some developments of retroflexed sounds in Chinese dialects and surrounding minority languages, based on their major articulations.

关 键 词：卷舌音 感知音类 唇化 软腭化(小舌化或咽化) 音变 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]