区域创新中“政府-市场”格局的权变模型探析——基于硅谷、以色列和重庆的比较研究  

Analysis of Contingency Model of Government-Market Pattern in Regional Innovation-A Comparative Study Based on Silicon Valley,Israel and Chongqing

作　　者：杜函芮 Du Hanrui(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《创新科技》2022年第7期34-44,共11页Innovation science and technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究专项任务项目“高校科研育人的内涵与机制研究”(19JDSZ1001)。

摘　　要：政府与市场是推动创新最重要的两股力量,有效市场与有为政府各司其职是促进区域创新的重要前提。随着创新理论的不断演进,政府和市场在创新中所扮演的角色愈发多元,在不同区域的创新演进过程中形成了不同的组合方式与发展格局——以政府为主导、以市场为主导或两者共同主导。无论哪一种模式都不可避免地受到区域自身历史文化背景、所处发展阶段与环境、创新演进的初始条件等诸多关键因素的影响,忽略上述因素则难以构建出具有更广泛适用性、能够推动创新的“政府—市场”格局的权变模型。系统梳理了政府与市场引导创新的理论演进历程,即从熊彼特学派和新熊彼特学派坚持市场主导创新、企业家是创新的核心,到新古典学派和制度创新学派开始重视政府作用、强调政策干预与制度创新,再到国家创新系统学派强调政府主导创新。在此基础上,对政府与市场以不同组合方式推动创新的一些典型案例做出了综述。选取硅谷、以色列、重庆共计28位高科技企业创始人、风险投资公司管理者和政府负责人,就政府和市场在创新过程中所发挥的作用开展深度访谈。硅谷是典型的市场主导的创新格局,形成了相对完善的区域创新生态,其将成熟的市场机制和投资环境作为创新的支持系统,政府则为市场发挥作用提供间接的环境支持。以色列是典型的政府主导的创新格局,政府在培育创新人才、构建投资体系、动员社会资源等方面扮演着绝对的主导者角色,市场作用的发挥也是基于政府搭建的平台而实现的。在重庆的案例中,政府和市场在创新过程中均扮演了关键的推动者角色,政府制定政策、搭建平台,为创新营造良好的生态环境;企业则推动市场机制有效运转,是真正的创新主体。基于硅谷、以色列、重庆的案例研究,构建了区域创新中“政�The Government and the market are the two most important forces for promoting in⁃novation,and an effective market and a promising government performing their respective duties are critical prerequisites.The roles of the government and the market in innovation are becoming more diverse as innovation theory evolves.Different combination modes have emerged in the process of innovation evolution in different regions,government-led,market-led,or both.Whatever mode is used,it is inevitably influenced by many key factors such as the region's historical and cultural background,its development stage and environment,the initial conditions of innovation evolution,and so on.Without taking into account the aforementioned factors,it is difficult to con⁃struct a contingency model of government-market pattern promoting innovation with broader applicability.This paper systematically sorts out the theoretical evolution of government and market lead⁃ing innovation,beginning with the Schumpeter School and the Neo-Schumpeter School insisting that the market-oriented innovation and entrepreneurs are the core of innovation,progressing to the Neoclassical School and Institutional Innovation School beginning to pay attention to the role of government,policy intervention and institutional innovation,and finally to the National Inno⁃vation System School emphasizing government-led innovation.On this basis,it summarizes some typical cases of different combinations of government and market to promote innovation.This paper selects 28 high-tech entrepreneurs,venture capital company managers and gov⁃ernment leaders from three typical regions,namely Silicon Valley,Israel,and Chongqing,for in depth interviews on the role of government and market in the innovation process.Silicon Valley is a typical market-led innovation pattern,where an almost perfect regional innovation ecology has developed.The mature market mechanism and investment environment are viewed as the support system for innovation,while the government provides indirect envir

关 键 词：区域创新 权变模型 市场机制 政策引导 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]