创业机会与创业情境:一个整合研究框架  

Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Entrepreneurial Context:An Integrated Framework

作　　者：蔡义茹 蔡莉[1,2] 陈姿颖 杨亚倩 Cai Yiru;Cai Li;Chen Ziying;Yang Yaqian(School of Management,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Entrepreneurship Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学管理学院,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学创新创业研究院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《外国经济与管理》2022年第4期18-33,共16页Foreign Economics & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作研究重点项目(71620107001)。

摘　　要：创业研究的核心在于创业机会,创业机会的开发则嵌入在特定的创业情境之中,二者密不可分。然而,已有研究对创业机会与创业情境之间关系的分析尚不够深刻,这成为推进创业理论发展的一大障碍。本文梳理了创业机会、创业情境的内涵,从机会发现观、机会创造观和机会整合观三大理论视角回顾了创业机会与创业情境关系的已有研究,发现当前研究对创业机会和创业情境内涵的解释尚不统一,并且多局限于分析单一主体视角下创业机会与创业情境之间的单向作用关系,缺乏二者互动关系的研究。为此,本文整合发现观和创造观,将客观创业情境和认知创业情境同时纳入研究范畴,并从目标、手段两个维度对创业情境不确定性进行划分,揭示了创业机会与创业情境本质属性——不确定性之间的复杂动态关系。进而构建了多主体互动视角下创业机会与创业情境不确定性之间互动关系的整合研究框架。本文深化了对创业机会和创业情境不确定性内涵的认识;并从行动逻辑角度划分创业情境不确定性,为更清晰地探讨创业机会与创业情境不确定性之间的作用关系提供了新的思路;此外,本文突破单一主体视角和静态研究的局限性,基于客观创业情境和认知创业情境两个维度,更细致地揭示了多主体互动视角下创业机会与创业情境不确定性之间的互动机制,完善了创业机会与创业情境关系的相关理论。基于所构建的框架,本文提出,未来研究可以分类型、跨层面探析创业机会与创业情境之间的作用机理,并在机理研究基础上构建创业机会与创业情境之间关系的一般理论和本土理论。Entrepreneurial opportunity is the core construct of entrepreneurship research.It is an urgent research issue to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity and its embedded entrepreneurial context.However,the mechanism of the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial context has not been clearly explained in the extant research,which has become a major obstacle to the development of entrepreneurial theory.Based on the connotations of entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial context,this paper reviews the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial context from such three views as opportunity discovery,creation and integration,and puts forward the limitations of the extant research.Thus,this paper integrates the discovery view and creation view to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of entrepreneurial context—uncertainty,and based on this,creates an integrated framework of interaction between entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneurial context uncertainty from the perspective of multi-actor interaction.In this regard,first of all,this paper argues that instead of debating whether the nature of entrepreneurial opportunity is discovery or creation,it is better to focus on the actual decisions and actions of entrepreneurs,and distinguishes discovery opportunity from creation opportunity by results of actions.Then,this paper proposes that discovery opportunity and creation opportunity can be transformed along the entrepreneurial process,and the entrepreneurial process includes both discovery and creation.Finally,from the perspective of multi-actor interaction,this paper proposes that the interaction between objective entrepreneurial context and cognitive entrepreneurial context uncertainty is an important force to promote the transformation of entrepreneurial opportunities.The theoretical contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects.Firstly,this paper pr

关 键 词：创业机会 创业情境 不确定性 机会发现观 机会创造观 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]