基于空间分析的中国药师、技师配置及优化策略研究  

Researches on the Allocation of Pharmacists and Technologists and Its Optimization Strategy Based on the Spatial Analysis

作　　者：朱斌 毛瑛[2] 张宁 何荣鑫 宁伟 谢涛 刘锦林 Zhu Bin(Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学公共卫生及应急管理学院,广东深圳518055 [2]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院 [3]西北工业大学公共政策与管理学院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2022年第7期520-526,共7页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目“预防为主的大健康格局与健康中国建设研究”(17ZDA079);深圳市哲学社会科学规划课题“深圳市公共卫生体系建设短板及完善路径研究”(SZ2021C017)。

摘　　要：目的:分析2008~2018年中国城乡药师和技师(检验技师和影像技师)在各个省、直辖市、自治区的配置现状,提出优化我国药师和技师配置的建议。方法:综合运用space-time scan、局部Moran’s I空间统计量和地理信息系统(GIS)对城乡药师、技师的时空分布特征进行可视化对比。结果:2008至2018年间,我国药师、技师总量不足问题已有效缓解,但区域分布不均衡问题仍然存在,城乡药师、技师分布不均的问题突出,在新疆、西藏和青海等边远地区,大量药师和技师集聚在城市地区,这也显示我国长期使用的“人向型”卫生人力资源配置指标过于单一,在西部地广人稀地区有一定局限性。结论:针对药师、技师等子类卫生人力资源分布不均和城乡配置悬殊问题,我国应出台更为细致的卫生人力长远规划,建立多维度激励措施促进卫生人力合理流动,同时应积极利用好订单定向医学生政策和配套措施提升边远地区配置水平。Objective To analyze the provincial allocation status of pharmacists and technologists in China,and propose recommendations to improve the distribution of pharmacists and technologists.Methods Space-time scan,local Moran’s I spatial statistic and geographic information system(GIS)were comprehensively used to visually compare the spatial distribution characteristics of urban and rural pharmacists and technologists.Results From 2008 to 2018,the problem of shortage of the total number of pharmacists and technicians has been effectively alleviated,but the problem of uneven regional distribution still exists,especially the uneven distribution of pharmacists and technicians between urban and rural areas.The concentration of pharmacists and technicians in urban areas also shows that the long-term use of"people-oriented"health human resource allocation indicators is too single,which has certain limitation in the western regions with sparsely populated areas.Conclusion It is necessary to develop more detailed long-term health manpower plans,establish multi-dimensional incentives to promote the rational flow of health professionals,and actively make good use of“rural-oriented medical students”program to improve the health human resource availability in remote areas.

关 键 词：卫生人力资源 药师 技师 空间分析 莫兰指数 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]