论行政处罚上的违法性阻却事由  

On the Grounds for Elimination of Illegality in Administrative Punishment

作　　者：熊樟林[1] XIONG Zhang-lin(School of Law,SouthEast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,211189)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2022年第4期13-26,共14页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金青年项目“《行政处罚法》归责性条款修改研究”(项目编号:19CFX023);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面依法治国视域下司法行政职能定位及作用发挥问题研究”(项目编号:20JZD021)。

摘　　要：在行政处罚中评价违法性阻却事由,终极目的是为了保护法益,它不能因为诸如技术上的阻隔、倒退的立法文本等说辞,便在违法性评价中按下不表。这既是学术认识上的幼稚,也是行政法治上的宿敌。无论是从历史发展上来看,还是从与法治发达国家和地区的对比上来看,都不会否认违法性阻却事由在行政处罚中的重要功能。在类型上,行政处罚上的违法性阻却事由可分为法定的违法性阻却事由和超法规的违法性阻却事由两种。法定的违法性阻却事由在我国立法文本中可以找到相应规定,包括正当防卫、紧急避险、职务行为等具体情形;超法规的违法性阻却事由在立法文本上未加明确,主要包括行政许可行为、义务冲突行为、承诺行为等类型。The ultimate purpose of evaluating grounds for elimination of illegality is to protect legal interests. It cannot be unstated in the evaluation of illegality because of such rhetoric as technical barriers and retrogressive legislative texts. This is not only naive in academic understanding, but also an old enemy in the administrative rule of law. Whether from the perspective of historical development or from the comparison with developed countries and regions under the rule of law, it will not deny the important function of grounds for elimination of illegality in administrative punishment. In terms of types, the grounds for elimination of illegality in administrative punishment can be divided into two types: statutory grounds for elimination of illegality and grounds for elimination of illegality beyond the law. Corresponding provisions can be found in the legal texts for statutory grounds for elimination of illegality, including specific situations such as justifiable defense, emergency avoidance, and duty behavior;the grounds for elimination of illegality beyond the law are not clearly specified in the legislative text, mainly including administrative licensing behaviors., obligation conflict behavior, commitment behavior and so on.

关 键 词：违法阻却事由 正当防卫 紧急避险 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]