胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔生态容量评估及其碳汇功能  

Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity and Functions of Manila Clam,Ruditapes philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：姜娓娓[1] 房景辉[1] 蔺凡 杜美荣[1] 高亚平[1] 方建光[1,2] 蒋增杰 JIANG Weiwei;FANG Jinghui;LIN Fan;DU Meirong;GAO Yaping;FANG Jianguang;JIANG Zengjie(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Carbon Sink Fisheries,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院碳汇渔业重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2022年第5期61-71,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室山东省专项经费(2022QNLM040003-4);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QD035);国家重点研发计划(2019YFE0103800);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD50);山东省“泰山学者青年专家计划”资助项目(tsqn201909166);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系共同资助。

摘　　要：胶州湾是我国重要的菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)养殖基地,为探究湾内菲律宾蛤仔的生态容量及其碳汇功能,本研究采用Ecopath模型法评估了胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的生态容量,并利用Ecosim模块动态分析了菲律宾蛤仔生物量扩大对胶州湾生态系统结构与功能特征的潜在影响,同时估算了胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔个体及种群水平的碳收支情况。结果显示,胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的生态容量为239.9 t/km^(2),虽然整体水平尚未达到生态容量,但局部养殖区域已远超出了菲律宾蛤仔的生态容量;当胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔生物量从当前增加至生态容量时,生态系统总流量、容量、优势度和循环指数分别提高了16.0%、3.9%、47.1%和103.0%,而熵值降低了10.4%,表明此时生态系统具有更高的成熟度与稳定性,但菲律宾蛤仔生物量扩大至生态容量10倍时会对生态系统产生不利影响甚至崩溃;菲律宾蛤仔个体在1个养殖周期内约摄取3310.1 mg C,其中约46.2%的碳沉降至海底,约13.2%的碳通过收获移出,如按菲律宾蛤仔生物量达到生态容量时计算,胶州湾每年将有1.5万t碳以生物沉积形式沉降至海底,有0.6万t碳以收获形式移出。研究结果为指导菲律宾蛤仔增养殖产业的健康可持续发展、阐明菲律宾蛤仔的碳汇功能提供了理论依据与数据支撑。Bivalve filter feeders,such as oysters,clams,and scallops,are an economically important species in China,with a total production of up to 14.8×10^(6) tons in 2020,accounting for more than 69.3%of mariculture production.In recent years,the density and scale of shellfish mariculture have continued to increase in some areas owing to economic benefits.The crude farming strategies have a series of negative effects on the cultured organisms and marine ecosystems,such as inhibiting the individual growth rate and increasing individual mortality.The negative effects could then lead to the attenuation of phytoplankton,changing the structure of the phytoplankton community and benthic environment.To manage shellfish farms and the industry properly,it is important to understand the interaction between shellfish aquaculture and the marine environment and evaluate the ability of the marine ecosystem to support shellfish production.At the ecosystem level,the carrying capacity of shellfish is defined as the maximum mariculture density that does not significantly affect the structure and function of marine ecosystems.To evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of shellfish,a method that assesses the overall impact of cultured shellfish on the structure,function,and other functional groups of the ecosystem is required.Based on the principle of nutrition dynamics,the Ecopath model(Ecopath with Ecosim software,Version 6.5)is a scientific and effective tool for evaluating the ecological carrying capacity of shellfish from the perspective of material and energy balance,and fully considers predation,competition,and ecological transformation efficiencies between functional groups.The Ecopath model has been widely used to evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of shellfish in mariculture ecosystems.In addition to their important economic value,bivalve filter feeders play an important ecological role in carbon sequestration,storage,and water purification by ingesting particles and changing the nutrient cycle.In offshore ecosystems,the

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 ECOPATH模型 生态容量 碳收支 胶州湾 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]