牡蛎礁碳源–汇功能研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and the Prospect of Oyster Reef Carbon Source and Sink Functions

作　　者：奉杰 张涛[1,3,4,5] 马培振 白涛[6] 徐江玲[6] 王海艳 宋浩[1,3,4,5] 赵伟[1,3,4,5] 赵亮[1,3,4,5] 杨美洁[1,3,4,5] 胡志[1,3,4,5] 周骢 石璞[1,3,4,5] 胡朋朋 李海州[7] FENG Jie;ZHANG Tao;MA Peizhen;BAI Tao;XU Jiangling;WANG Haiyan;SONG Hao;ZHAO Wei;ZHAO Liang;YANG Meijie;HU Zhi;ZHOU Cong;SHI Pu;HU Pengpeng;LI Haizhou(CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory Pilot of Marine Organism Taxonomy&Phylogeny,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Science,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266237,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao,Shandong 266033,China;Shandong Fuhan Marine Technology Co.,Ltd,Haiyang,Shandong 265116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心,山东青岛266071 [5]中国科学院海洋牧场工程实验室,山东青岛266071 [6]国家海洋局北海预报中心,山东青岛266033 [7]山东富瀚海洋科技有限公司,山东海阳265116

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2022年第5期115-125,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：十三五“蓝色粮仓科技创新”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901301);国家自然科学基金项目(42106102),(31402317);山东省重点研发计划重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020708);泰山产业领军人才工程专项经费资助项目(LJNY201704)(鲁科字〔2018〕28号);烟台市“双百计划”蓝色产业领军人才团队项目(烟发改蓝色经济〔2018〕30号);国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室创新团队项目(LMEES-CTSP-2018-1)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对当前全球气候变暖趋势,中国提出“双碳”目标,体现了我国主动承担应对全球气候变化责任的大国担当。海洋在实现碳中和目标中具有重要作用。牡蛎礁作为全球海岸带典型生态系统,具有巨大碳储量和强大固碳能力。牡蛎礁在生物钙化、呼吸作用等过程中向大气释放二氧化碳,但在生物合成、沉积作用等过程中却可以埋藏大量碳。目前,全球牡蛎礁是大气碳的源还是汇尚不明确。为探究牡蛎礁碳源–汇功能,本文综述了牡蛎礁碳源–汇功能研究现状,分析了影响牡蛎礁碳源–汇功能的关键生态过程,探讨了在不同环境条件下牡蛎礁碳源–汇特征。研究表明,牡蛎礁不仅可以成为大气碳的汇,还可以提高盐沼植被、海藻、海洋动物等生物的碳汇功能。未来应尽快开展牡蛎礁碳汇功能评估技术等研究,形成以提高牡蛎礁碳汇为目的的牡蛎礁保护与修复技术,提升我国海洋生态系统碳汇能力。In view of the current global warming trends,China has a"double carbon"goal,which reflects China′s initiative in assuming the responsibility of dealing with global climate change.Oceans play an important role in achieving carbon neutrality.Oyster reefs are typical coastal ecosystems that contain huge carbon reserves and strong carbon sequestration ability.Due to overfishing,coastal engineering construction,environmental pollution,and climate change,the global oyster reef is in a seriously degraded state and urgently needs to be restored and protected.Oyster reefs released CO_(2)to the atmosphere in the processes of calcification and respiration and also bury large volumes of carbon during biological and physical deposition,which makes it uncertain whether oyster reefs are a source or sink of CO_(2).To explore the carbon source and sink function of oyster reefs,we summarized the research status of the carbon source-sink functions by oyster reefs,analyzed the key ecological processes affecting it,and discussed the characteristics of oyster reef carbon source-sink functions in different conditions.We aim to provide opinions and suggestions for research,restoration,and protection of oyster reefs.Until recently,few studies have reported the carbon source-sink functions of oyster reefs.A study of an oyster reef in Rachel Carson Reserve of North Carolina found oyster reefs have different carbon source-sink characteristics under different environmental conditions.The reefs on intertidal sandflats were net sources of CO_(2)[(710±120)g C/(m^(2)·a)],whereas shallow subtidal reefs[(–100±40)g C/(m^(2)·a)]and saltmarsh-fringing reefs[(–130±40)g C/(m^(2)·a)]were net carbon sinks.The concentration of seston,water temperature,depth,hydrodynamic regime,oyster density,individual size,age,reef size and structure,and sediment are important factors affecting the carbon source-sink function of an oyster reef.The oyster calcification,biological deposition,biosynthesis,and respiration processes,sediment resuspension and decom

关 键 词：牡蛎礁 碳源–汇功能 储碳 气候变化 保护与修复 

分 类 号：P745[天文地球—海洋生物学]