硼酸协同多聚磷酸铵改性桉木胶合板的阻燃性能  

Synergistic flame retardant properties of Eucalyptus plywood modified with boric acid and ammonium polyphosphate

作　　者：范友华[1] 王勇[1] 邓腊云[1] 康地 袁利萍[2] FAN Youhua;WANG Yong;DENG Layun;KANG Di;YUAN Liping(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第5期150-159,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划资助项目(2020GK2061);湖南创新型省份建设专项(2021NK4155)。

摘　　要：【目的】提高木质胶合板的阻燃性,探讨桉木单板经硼酸和多聚磷酸铵处理前后的阻燃性能,以期获得阻燃处理对木质胶合板阻燃性能的影响规律。【方法】选取普通桉木单板为研究对象,以硼酸和多聚磷酸铵为复合阻燃剂,通过满细胞法对其处理,阻燃处理的桉木单板经压制成胶合板,并分别对未处理材和阻燃处理材进行了形貌表征、热解行为和阻燃性能测试。【结果】未经阻燃处理的胶合板的极限氧指数为17.4%,经多聚磷酸铵和硼酸的质量比为3∶1的复合阻燃剂处理后的桉木单板制备的三层胶合板的极限氧指数为34.6%。锥形量热仪(CONE)结果表明,硼酸协同多聚磷酸铵对胶合板的阻燃抑烟性能有积极影响,相较于未阻燃处理胶合板,阻燃胶合板的热释放峰值(PHRR)降低了60.89%,总释放热(THR)降低了38.65%;总烟释放量(TSR)降低了95.76%,烟生成速率(SPR)降低了82.35%。TG-DSC结果表明,阻燃处理样品在800℃的失重率仅为素材的73.69%;残炭量由20.68%上升到41.55%。【结论】阻燃处理胶合板可以改善木材阻燃耐火性能,有效降低总释放热和烟气释放量,增加残炭量。阻燃改性处理降低了胶合板的胶合强度,但仍符合GB/T 9846—2015标准Ⅱ类胶合强度要求。研究结果表明阻燃处理木材对延缓其在火灾中的燃烧行为具有重要意义,并为实现理论指导木质阻燃胶合板生产应用提供重要的理论依据和参考。【Objective】In order to improve the flame retardancy of wood plywood,the flame retardancy of Eucalyptus veneer before and after the treatment with boric acid and ammonium polyphosphate was discussed in order to obtain the effect of flame retardant treatment on the flame retardancy of wood plywood.【Method】The ordinary Eucalyptus veneers were selected as the research object,and treated with BA and APP as composite flame retardants by full cell method.The morphology characterization,pyrolysis behavior and combustion performance test of untreated veneers and flame-retardant treated veneers were carried out.【Result】The limiting oxygen index of untreated plywood was 17.4%,and the limiting oxygen index of the three-layer plywood was 34.6%,which was prepared with Eucalyptus veneers treated with composite flame retardant with a mass ratio of ammonium polyphosphate and boric acid of 3∶1.Cone calorimeter test(CONE)results showed that the compound flame retardant had the best synergistic effect,and the peak heat release(PHRR),total heat release(THR),total smoke release(TSR)and smoke density rating(SPR)of flame retarded plywood were reduced by 60.89%,38.65%,95.76%,and 82.35%,respectively.The thermal gravimetric analysis(TG)results revealed that the carbon residue increased from 20.68%to 41.55%.【Conclusion】Experimental results showed that the plywood modified by the compound flame retardant can improve the flame retardant properties of wood,effectively reduce the total heat release and smoke release,and increase the carbon residue.The flame retardant modification treatment reduces the bonding strength of plywood,while it still meets the standard value of GB/T 9846-2015 about classⅡplywood.It is concluded that flame retardant treatment is of great significance to delay the combustion behavior of wood in the fire,which provides an important theoretical basis and reference for the production and application of wood flame retardant plywood.

关 键 词：多聚磷酸铵 硼酸 改性 协同效应 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：S782.39[农业科学—木材科学与技术] TS653.3[农业科学—林学] TQ314.248[轻工技术与工程]