氨基酸态氮对油茶幼苗生长和吸收氮素的影响  

Effects of amino acid nitrogen on plant growth and nitrogen absorption of Camellia oleifera seedlings

作　　者：王瑞[1,2] 李刘泽木 张震 唐炜[1,2] 王湘南 何之龙[1,2] 陈隆升 刘彩霞[1,2] 陈永忠 李安亮 WANG Rui;LI Liuzemu;ZHANG Zhen;TANG Wei;WANG Xiangnan;HE Zhilong;CHEN Longsheng;LIU Caixia;CHEN Yongzhong;LI Anliang(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;National Oil-tea Camellia Engineering&Technology Research Center,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]国家油茶工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期10-16,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目“油茶‘双高’、宜机新种质创制与繁育技术研究”(2020NK2050);长沙市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目“油茶高产稳产品种选育及区域化配置关键技术”(Kq2102007);湖南省油茶产业科研项目“油茶中幼林产量提升关键技术研究”(2021LYYCCY0001)。

摘　　要：【目的】为促进油茶幼苗对氮素的吸收利用提供参考。【方法】2015年7月,以1年生油茶新品种‘朝霞’芽苗砧嫁接苗为材料,以施用氨基酸(甘氨酸、赖氨酸、丙氨酸)态氮和硝态氮(硝酸钾)为处理,以无氮处理为对照,在温室中采用液体(3 mmol/L)浇灌的方式进行施肥。当年11月,测定油茶幼苗生长及氮素吸收等相关指标。【结果】氨基酸态氮和硝态氮均可显著提高油茶幼苗的高和地径。其中:施用赖氨酸态氮处理的幼苗高生长最佳,为13.72 cm,比对照提高了41.88%;其次为施用甘氨酸态氮处理,苗高为13.41 cm。施用甘氨酸态氮处理的苗木地径生长最佳,为3.39 mm,比对照提高了25.09%;其次为施用赖氨酸态氮处理,地径为3.31 mm。施用赖氨酸态氮处理的油茶幼苗叶片数量显著高于其他处理,为10.60。施用氨基酸态氮和硝态氮均可显著提高油茶幼苗叶片的SPAD值和GS活性,其中均以施用赖氨酸态氮处理为最高。施用赖氨酸态氮处理的幼苗叶片SPAD值为67.90,比对照提高了50.99%;幼苗叶片GS活性为65.31μmol/(g·h),显著高于其他处理,比对照提高了70.03%。不同氮源处理的叶片GOGAT活性间差异不显著。施用氨基酸态氮和硝态氮均可以显著提高叶片中铵态氮含量,其中施用丙氨酸处理的油茶叶片铵态氮含量最高,为2.27 mg/g,比对照(0.51 mg/g)提高了3.45倍;所有处理的叶片中硝态氮含量不存在显著差异,施用氨基酸态氮处理的叶片中硝态氮含量均低于硝态氮处理,施用硝态氮处理的油茶幼苗叶片硝态氮含量最高,为3.24 mg/g,比对照提高了16.55%,比施用氨基酸态氮处理提高了3.09%~19.56%。【结论】施用氨基酸态氮和硝态氮均可以促进油茶幼苗生长及吸收氮素,施用赖氨酸态氮可显著提高油茶苗木的高、地径、叶片数量、叶片SPAD值和GS活性。丙氨酸态氮比其他氮源更有利于提高油茶幼苗叶片的铵态氮含量。在�【Objective】In order to provide reference for the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by Camellia oleifera seedlings.【Method】In July 2015,the grafted seedlings of one-year-old C.oleifera cultivar‘Zhaoxia’were used as materials.In greenhouse,amino acid(glycine,lysine and alanine)nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen(potassium nitrate)were irrigated with liquid at a concentration of 3 mmol/L,which were controlled by nitrogen-free treatment.The related indexes of growth and nitrogen absorption of C.oleifera seedlings were measured in November.【Result】Amino acid nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen could significantly increase the height and diameter of C.oleifera seedlings,the height of lysine nitrogen treatment was the best(seedlings height was 13.72 cm),which was 41.88%higher than that of the control,followed by glycine nitrogen(seedlings height was 13.41 cm).The ground diameter growth of seedlings treated with glycine nitrogen was the best(ground diameter was 3.39 mm),which was 25.09%higher than that of the control,followed by lysine nitrogen(ground diameter was 3.31 mm).The number of leaves of C.oleifera seedlings treated with lysine nitrogen was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which was 10.60.Both amino acid nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen significantly increased the SPAD value and GS activity,the SPAD value and GS activity treated with lysine nitrogen were both the highest,the SPAD value was 67.90,which was 50.99%higher than that of the control.The GS activity of 65.31μmol/(g·h),which was 70.03%higher than that of the control.There was no significant difference in GOGAT activity among leaves treated with different nitrogen sources,but both amino acid nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen treatments could significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen in leaves.The ammonium nitrogen content of C.oleifera leaves treated with alanine was the highest(2.27 mg/g),which was 3.45 times higher than that of the control(0.51 mg/g).There was no significant difference in the content of nitrate nitrog

关 键 词：油茶 氨基酸态氮 硝态氮 营养生长 氮素吸收 

分 类 号：S606.2[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4