整地和种植方式对黄桃与华重楼复合经营的影响  

Effects of land preparation and planting methods on the compound management of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla

作　　者：周建金 罗晓锋 朱英飒 熊长华 ZHOU Jianjin;LUO Xiaofeng;ZHU Yingsa;XIONG Zhanghua(Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanming 365500,Fujian,China;Shaowu Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shaowu 354000,Fujian,China;Shaowu Yunding Gaoshan Agricultural Development Co.Ltd,Shaowu 354000,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院,福建三明365500 [2]邵武市农业农村局,福建邵武354000 [3]邵武市云顶高山农业发展有限公司,福建邵武354000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2022年第2期282-288,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：福建省产业技术开发与应用计划项目(2021S2043);“福建省三明市科技计划项目(2019-N-2)”。

摘　　要：【目的】提高复合经营中黄桃和华重楼的产量和品质、降低发病率和管理难度,为黄桃与华重楼复合经营提供参考。【方法】以整地方式、黄桃种植密度、华重楼套种密度和华重楼覆盖物为试验因素,对复合经营模式下,黄桃和华重楼的生长量、产量、病害发生率等指标进行比较分析。【结果】整地方式对黄桃和华重楼生长的影响显著,以土壤深翻40 cm和中间开浅沟30 cm+四周开深沟50 cm的处理效果最好。黄桃种植密度对黄桃的生长、单果质量、单株产量及林冠遮光率的影响显著,以765株/hm^(2)较为合适,种植3 a后,黄桃主干直径生长量达8.55 cm,一级分枝直径生长量达6.56 cm,平均单果质量达220.13 g,平均单株产量达41.66 kg。种植密度为765株/hm^(2)时,成林黄桃3—10月的林冠遮光率为20.80%~69.19%,适合华重楼生长。在华重楼的套种密度方面,以48000株/hm^(2)(桃树之间放置2个栽植容器)较为理想,不但华重楼综合发病率低,而且易于田间管理。在芒萁、芦苇和林下腐殖层等覆盖物中,以林下腐殖层覆盖华重楼的增产效果最好,种植3 a后,华重楼株高生长量达68.12 cm,茎直径生长量达0.83 cm,平均单株根茎鲜质量达183.46 g。【结论】通过优选出理想的黄桃和华重楼复合经营模式,实现果药资源共享,提高了单位面积收益、土地利用率和种植抗风险能力,具有良好的经济社会生态效益。【Objective】To improve the output and quality,and to reduce the incidence and management difficulty of yellow peach and Paris polyphylla,provide reference for the compound management of yellow peach and P.polyphylla.【Method】The soil preparation method,yellow peach planting density,interplanting density and covering material of P.polyphylla were used as experimental factors.Under the compound management mode,the growth,yield,disease indicators of yellow peach and P.polyphylla were compared and analyzed.【Result】The soil preparation method had a significant effect on the growth of yellow peach and P.polyphylla,and the best treatment was 40 cm deep ploughing,30 cm shallow furrow in the middle and 50 cm deep furrow around.Yellow peach planting densities had significant effects on yellow peach growth,fruit mass,yield per plant and canopy shading rate of yellow peach.765 plants/hm^(2) was more suitable.The yellow peach trunk diameter increased 8.55 cm,the first branch diameter increased 6.56 cm,the average fruit mass was 220.13 g,and the average yield per plant was 41.66 Kg after planting for 3 years.When the planting density was 765 plants/hm^(2),the canopy shading rate of mature yellow peach from March to October ranged from 20.80%to 69.19%,which wasw suitable for the growth of P.polyphylla.In terms of interplanting density of P.polyphylla,48000 plants/hm^(2)(two planting containers placed between peach trees)was ideal,as to low comprehensive incidence of P.polyphylla and easy cultivation.Among the mulches such as Dicranopteris dichotoma,Phragmites australis and understory humus,covering P.polyphylla with the understory humus had the best yield increasing effect.After 3 years of planting,the plant height of P.polyphylla increased to 68.12 cm,the stem diameter increased to 0.83 cm,and the average fresh tuber mass per plant reached 183.46 g.【Conclusion】By optimizing the ideal combination management mode of yellow peach and P.polyphylla,the resources of fruit and medicine could be shared,and the income per

关 键 词：黄桃 华重楼 复合经营 整地 种植方式 

分 类 号：S604.6[农业科学—园艺学]