农村义务教育学生膳食多样性与膳食构成分析  

ANALYSIS OF DIETARY DIVERSITY AND DIETARY PATTERNS OF THE RURAL STUDENTS RECEIVING COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN CHINA

作　　者：陶畅[1] 李军[1,2] 赵启然[1,3] TAO Chang;LI Jun;ZHAO Qi-ran(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;National Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学国家农业农村发展研究院,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学全球食物经济与政策研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《营养学报》2022年第3期247-251,共5页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.71973136/71603261);中国农业大学2115人才培育计划。

摘　　要：目的探讨农村义务教育学生的膳食多样性与膳食构成,并分析不同个人和家庭特征以及地区间的差异。方法基于2018~2019年在中国多地区城乡义务教育学校调查的13871名农村户籍学生1d 24h膳食回顾和个人家庭特征数据,统计分析学生膳食多样化评分(DDS)和膳食构成,并在不同亚组间进行差异检验。结果样本学生DDS(7.39±1.95)处于较高水平。中低DDS水平组学生的膳食构成以谷物、蔬菜和肉类为主。不同性别和年龄组间的学生DDS和主要膳食构成无差异。走读生的DDS和膳食构成均优于寄宿生。不同生活方式组间,留守组学生DDS最低;与非留守组和留守组相比,流动组学生的膳食构成缺少蛋类。不同地区间的学生DDS和膳食构成丰富程度按由高到低依次为河南、内蒙古、云南、苏州和安徽。结论中国农村义务教育学生的膳食多样性已经得到明显改善,但寄宿生和留守学生仍属于相对弱势群体。建议在推进农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善措施的过程中,着重加强对寄宿学生、留守学生和膳食欠丰富地区学生的支持,并设计针对性的措施改善其膳食质量。Objective To analyze the dietary diversity and dietary pattern of rural compulsory education students and explore the differences among differently characterized groups,families and regions.Methods Based on the 24-hour diet recall data,the data of 13871 compulsory education students(with rural household registration)in multiple regions of China from 2018 to 2019 were collected.The dietary diversity scores(DDS)and dietary patterns were analyzed.Results The average DDS(7.39±1.95)of the whole population was at a high level.Students with the lowest-and medium-dietary diversity mainly consumed grains,vegetables,and meat.There was no difference in DDS and dietary patterns between the subgroups by gender and age.Compared with non-boarders,boarders had lower DDS and fewer food groups in their dietary patterns.Compared with the students living with parents(SLPs)and migrant students,the left-behind students(LBSs)had the lowest DDS.Compared with SLPs and LBSs,the dietary pattern of migrant students lacked eggs.In the descending order,the DDS and dietary pattern abundance were ranked by region in the following order:Henan,Jining,Yunnan,Suzhou,and Anhui.Conclusion The dietary diversity of rural compulsory education students in China has been significantly improved.However,boarders and LBSs are still in a relatively vulnerable status.It is recommended that in the process of promoting nutrition improvement measures for rural compulsory education students,more attention should be paid for boarders and LBSs.Policymakers should provide targeted measures to improve the diet quality of the students in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村义务教育学生 膳食多样性 膳食构成 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]