难以承受之重:行政复议双被告制之省思  

Unbearable Weight: Reflections on the Double Defendant System of Administrative Reconsideration

作　　者：陈锦波 CHEN Jin-bo(Research Institute of Procedural Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2022年第4期89-97,共9页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划青年专项课题“北京高校‘非升即走’聘用制改革的公法建构研究”(编号:BFCA21118);中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队项目“行政法典立法研究”(编号:21CXTD07)。

摘　　要：行政复议双被告制是指在复议维持案件中行政复议机关和原行政机关充当共同被告的情形,其暗含着将行政复议的核心功能界定为行政层级监督的价值取向。然而,对行政复议的这种功能定位有其内在缺陷。行政复议的核心属性应当是司法性,其本质功能在于对复议申请人权利的救济。同时,复议维持案件中的行政复议机关仅仅是纠纷的居间裁断者而非纠纷制造者,行政复议机关在此过程中并没有给复议申请人增加新的风险和负担。因此,维持原行政决定的行政复议机关不应成为共同被告,现有的“行政复议双被告制”应当被消解。对于“行政复议机关充当维持会”的问题,可以通过加强建设行政复议保障制度的方式加以解决。The double defendant system of administrative reconsideration refers to the situation that the reconsideration organ and the original administrative organ need to act as co-defendants in the reconsideration maintenance case. It implies that the core function of administrative reconsideration is administrative level supervision. However, this function orientation has its inherent defects. The core attribute of administrative reconsideration should be judicial, and its essential function lies in the relief of the applicant’s rights. Moreover, the reconsideration organ in the case of maintaining reconsideration is only a dispute adjudicator rather than a dispute maker, and the reconsideration organ does not add new risks and burdens to the reconsideration applicant. Therefore, the administrative reconsideration organ which maintains the original administrative decision should not be the co-defendants, and the double defendant system of administrative reconsideration should be eliminated. As for the problem of the reconsideration organ acting as the maintenance committee, we can solve it by strengthening the construction of the administrative reconsideration security system.

关 键 词：行政复议 行政复议双被告制 制度功能 行政层级监督 权利救济 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]