黑小麦光合特性的变化及对产量的影响  

Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Black Wheat and the Influence on Yield

作　　者：张耀文[1] 赵鹏涛[1] 李积铭[2] 赵小光[1] 尚毅[1] 张振兰[1] 翟周平[1] 李龙华[1] ZHANG Yaowen;ZHAO Pengtao;LI Jiming;ZHAO Xiaoguang;SHANG Yi;ZHANG Zhenlan;ZHAI Zhouping;LI Longhua(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Dry Farming,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui,Hebei 053000)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第21期7-16,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟2020年示范推广项目“黑粒小麦产业化集成与示范”(LM202005);陕西省重点研发计划项目“彩色小麦新品种选育与示范”(2019ZDLNY04-01)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在为选育高产黑小麦品种提供理论依据。以5个黑小麦品系和1个普通小麦(CK)为材料,在抽穗期—成熟前期7个生育期探究了旗叶光合特性指数(PCI)的变化及其与籽粒产量(GY)的关系。结果表明:与CK相比,5个黑小麦品系旗叶的叶绿素含量(CC)在抽穗期—灌浆后期均显著较低;绿叶面积(GLA)在灌浆后期较低而在成熟前期则较高,生物学产量(BY)的增长速率在灌浆前—中期均显著较高而在开花期—灌浆前期、灌浆末期—成熟前期则均显著较低;灌浆速度(GFR)在灌浆—中期、灌浆中—后期均显著较低。5项PCI与GY间显著正相关,PCI的变化速率在抽穗期—开花期、开花期—灌浆前期与GY间正相关而在灌浆中—后期、灌浆后—末期、灌浆末期—成熟前期则负相关。PCI的变化速率与GY间相关程度为GLA>Trm>Pn>Gs>CC,Pn>Gs>Trm>CC>GLA。不同时期PCI的变化速率与GY间相关性程度为灌浆中期>灌浆前期>灌浆后期>灌浆末期>抽穗期>开花期>成熟前期,开花期—灌浆前期>抽穗期—开花期>灌浆前—中期>灌浆末期—成熟前期>灌浆后—末期>灌浆中—后期。选育旗叶在抽穗期—灌浆中期具有较高CC、Pn、Gs、GLA的黑小麦品系是提高黑小麦产量的重要手段。In order to provide a theoretical basis for breeding high-yield black wheat varieties by photosynthetic pathway, 5 black wheat lines and 1 common wheat variety(CK) were used as materials, the changes of 5 photosynthetic characteristic indexes(PCI) of flag leaves and the relationship between PCI and grain yield(GY) were studied during 7 growth periods from heading stage(HS) to early mature stage(EMS).The results showed that: compared with CK, the chlorophyll contents(CC) of the 5 black wheat lines in heading stage to late grain filling stage(HS-LSFP) were significantly lower. The green leaf area(GLA) of the 5 black wheat lines were lower in LSFP but higher in EMS, the growth rates of biological yield(BY) were significantly higher in early to middle grain filling stage(ESFP-MSFP) but significantly lower in flowering stage to early grain filling stage(FS-ESFP) and final grain filling stage to early mature stage(FSFP-EMS).The grain filling rate(GFR) of the 5 black wheat lines were significantly lower in ESFP-MSFP and middle to late grain filling stage(MSFP-LSFP). All the 5 PCIs had significantly positive correlation with GY. The change rates of the 5PCIs were positively correlated with GY in heading stage to flowering stage(HS-FS) and flowering stage to early grain filling stage(FS-ESFP), while were negatively correlated with GY in middle to late grain filling stage(MSFP-LSFP), late to final grain filling stage(LSFP-FSFP) and final grain filling stage to early mature stage(FSFP-EMS). The correlation degree between the PCI and GY was green leaf area(GLA)>transpiration rate(Trm) > net photosynthetic rate(Pn) >stomatal conductance(Gs) >chlorophyll content(CC). The correlation degree between the change rate of PCI and GY was Pn>Gs>Trm>CC>GLA. The correlation degree between the PCI and GY in different periods was MSFP>ESFP>LSFP>FSFP>HS>FS>EMS, while the correlation degree between the change rate of PCI and GY in different periods was FS-ESFP>HS-FS>ESFP-MSFP>FSFP-EMS>LSFP-FSFP>MSFP-LSFP. In conclusion, it is an important w

关 键 词：黑小麦 抽穗期后 光合特性 产量水平 影响 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]