烘烤期烟叶霉烂病病原菌Rhizopus oryzae的生态学研究  

Ecological Study of Rhizopus oryzae Causing Tobacco Leaf Mildew at the Curing Stage

作　　者：朱自萍 何鹏飞[1] 刘迎龙 赵正龙[1] 吴毅歆[1] 何鹏搏 蔡永占 MUNIR Shahzad 田阳阳 王军伟 何月秋[1] ZHU Ziping;HE Pengfei;LIU Yinglong;ZHAO Zhenglong;WU Yixin;HE Pengbo;CAI Yongzhan;MUNIR Shahzad;TIAN Yangyang;WANG Junwei;HE Yueqiu(College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201;Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Qujing,Yunnan 655000;Hongta Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655000 [3]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第21期122-128,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省烟草公司项目“烟草烘烤过程霉烂病发生原因及防治技术研究与应用”(2018530000242010)。

摘　　要：旨在探明米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)与烘烤期烟叶霉烂病相关的生态学关联性,为制订该病害防控策略提供依据。通过组织保湿法研究了烟草叶柄、茎杆不同部位自然发病率。通过人工接种法研究了叶柄不同含水量与发病率关系。用稀释平板分离法测定了烟草地块及后茬作物根围土内的米根霉含量。结果表明烟草根围土中根霉菌主要为米根霉,并能引起烟草叶柄发病;离茎杆越近的叶柄部位发病率越高,连作烟株茎杆发病重于新种烟株,米根霉能进入茎杆内部,主要侵染植株中下部1~14节;烟草叶柄含水量低于40%时不能发病,含水量在70%~80%之间时发病最重;米根霉数量在连作田烟株根围土中大于新植田烟株根围土,在黑胫病病株根围土中大于健株根际土;米根霉在后茬作物西葫芦和花菜根围土中较多,在豌豆和蚕豆根围土中较少。本研究结果对制订烘烤期烟叶霉烂病防控策略有重要意义。The aims are to study the ecological relationship between Rhizopus oryzae and tobacco leaf mildew(TLM) at the curing stage, and to provide a basis for making the disease-control strategy. The natural incidence rate of different parts of the petioles and stems were defined by tissue moisturizing method. The relationship between the incidence rate and water content was studied by inoculating the pathogen on petioles. The content of R. oryzae in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco fields and subsequent crops was determined by the dilution plate method. The results showed that the main fungus in tobacco rhizosphere soil was R. oryzae which caused TLM.Higher disease incidence rate appeared when the stem was close to petiole. Stem of continuously cropping tobacco plants displayed more incidence compared to that of new tobacco plants. The pathogen could easily invade the stem through infecting 1-14 nodes in the middle and lower parts of the plant. Tobacco petiole did not show any disease when the water content was lower than 40%, and the disease was most severe when the water content was 70%-80%. The number of R. oryzae in the root soil of continuously cropping tobacco plant was greater compared to newly planted soil. Root soil with black shank disease plants displayed more pathogen number compared to the one with healthy plants. R. oryzae was more abundant in the soil surrounding the roots of summer squash and cauliflower, while it was less in the soil surrounding the roots of peas and broad beans.This study highlights the significance of formulating control strategy for TLM at curing stage of tobacco.

关 键 词：烟草 烘烤期 烟草霉烂病 米根霉 根围土 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]