美国辩诉交易制度下的轻罪错案:现象、成因与镜鉴  

Misdemeanor Offenses under the Plea Bargaining System in The United States:Misjudgment,Causes and Reflections

作　　者：熊用坪 Xiong Yongping(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《铁道警察学院学报》2022年第3期83-90,共8页Journal of Railway Police College

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“刑事案件事实认定中的经验法则研究”(19BFX092);西南政法大学学生科研创新项目“印证话语体系下的‘情况证据’运用研究”(FXY2021027)。

摘　　要：美国辩诉交易制度下因错误认罪导致的错案频发,错误认罪主要有认罪内容虚假和认罪形式虚假两种现象。导致这一现象的原因包括辩诉交易制度有促进认罪的激励因素、轻罪案件处理程序不规范、检察官未能坚持客观真实义务、法官未能坚持发现事实的中立裁判功能以及轻罪案件的律师帮助不够等。我国目前轻罪认罪认罚案件中存在审前逮捕羁押率高、控辩协商以行政职权为主、法官中立性审查缺失、律师帮助不足等问题,存在易产生轻罪案件错误认罪现象发生的制度土壤。美国现象对我国的镜鉴作用在于,需完善我国轻罪治理体系,规范检察院的量刑建议裁量权,法官对被告人作出答辩的事实基础的真实性进行审查,促进认罪认罚案件律师帮助量与质的保证。Misjudged cases are frequently occurred because of the false guilty pleas under the American plea bargaining system.The false confessions are mainly made by either unreliable contents or illegal forms.The relevant reasons include the incentives to confession in its plea bargaining system,the misconduct misdemeanor procedures,prosecutors’failure in adhering to objectivity,judges’lose of neutral stance in the trial,and the insufficient defense by lawyers.In present China,there are some drawbacks in the leniency system based on confession of guilt,such as high pretrial detention rate,the dominance of administrative power during the pre-trial arbitration,the lack of judge’s neutrality and insufficient defense from the layers,which are liable to cause false confessions in misdemeanor cases.The legal defects in the Unites States provide lessons to Chinese misdemeanor governance.The procuratorate’s judicial discretion in sentencing should be well managed.The judges should examine the reliability of defendants’pleading to guarantee the adequate and qualified legal service from the lawyers during confession.

关 键 词：辩诉交易 轻罪治理 错案 认罪认罚 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]