液氮生态系统与中国现代能源体系构建  

Liquid Nitrogen Ecosystem and Building of China’s Modern Energy System

作　　者：徐应强[1] Xu Yingqiang

机构地区：[1]中国科学院半导体研究所

出　　处：《学术前沿》2022年第13期66-75,共10页Frontiers

基　　金：自然科学基金委重大项目“锑化物低维结构中红外激光器基础理论与关键技术”,项目编号为:61790582;科技部重点研发项目“光电芯片全流程联合仿真技术研发”的阶段性成果,项目编号为:2021YFB2800304。

摘　　要：碳达峰、碳中和“30·60目标”成为我国新时期高质量发展的关键目标,事关今后几十年的经济增长模式和产业结构、能源结构调整,对消费模式、生活方式及生态建设有深刻影响。液氮作为一种新能源介质,不仅可以用于发电、汽车发动机、数据中心散热、化石燃料降碳、超导输电,而且也可广泛应用于国防军工、科学研究、临床医学等领域,从而形成一个节能—储能—产能—输能的碳达峰一体化生态。这样一个液氮生态系统,在实现不受限地理条件储能的同时,带动了我国其他领域,诸如红外焦平面、低温电路、超算芯片、半导体大型生产设备、医疗技术、新能源汽车、量子计算等的发展,拓展了盈利模式,建立了多元收益方式,实现了储能产业规模化发展,为构建我国液氮新能源体系提供了一种全新的思路,对全面构建我国现代能源体系有着重要意义。The dual targets of carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 have become the key targets for China’s high-quality development in the new era,which will affect the economic growth pattern,industrial structure and energy structure adjustment in the next few decades,and have profound impacts on consumption patterns,lifestyles and ecological construction.As a new energy medium,liquid nitrogen can not only be used for power generation,automobile engine,data center heat dissipation,fossil fuel carbon reduction,superconducting power transmission,but also be widely used in national defense industry,scientific research,clinical medicine and other fields,thus forming an integrated ecology for carbon peaking through energy-saving,storage,generation capacity and transmission.While solving the problem of energy storage in unrestricted geographical conditions,such a liquid nitrogen ecosystem has driven the development of other fields in China,such as infrared focal plane,cryogenic circuits,supercomputing chips,large-scale semiconductor production equipment,medical technology,new energy vehicles,quantum computing,etc.It has expanded the profit model,established a multi-revenue approach,and realized the development of scale of the energy storage industry.It has provided a new approach to building a new energy system of liquid nitrogen in China,and is of great significance to the comprehensive construction of China’s modern energy system.

关 键 词：碳达峰 储能 液氮生态系统 能源体系 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] O61[理学—无机化学]