不同制棒工艺对平菇产量、农艺性状及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Stick-making Techniques on the Yield,Agronomic Traits and Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus

作　　者：张立娅 张国庆 陈青君 高继海 孔繁建 ZHANG Liya;ZHANG Guoqing;CHEN Qingjun;GAO Jihai;KONG Fanjian(College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Agricultural Application Technology,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Shunyi District Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院/农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京市顺义区农业科学研究所,北京100053

出　　处：《蔬菜》2022年第8期55-59,共5页Vegetables

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC05-2021)。

摘　　要：为提高平菇的产量及品质,优化制棒工艺,以灰美2号平菇为试材,研究了熟料、发酵料、发酵料加短时高温灭菌、诱导灭菌4种不同制棒工艺对平菇产量、农艺性状以及营养品质的影响。结果表明:发酵料加短时高温灭菌工艺的平菇农艺性状最优,其第一潮菇单朵质量、菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、分枝数均最大,分别为544.33 g、1.51 cm、6.47 cm、7.75 cm、34.00枝,但每百棒总产量为85.56 kg,排名第3;发酵料工艺的平菇产量最高,每百棒为98.26 kg,营养品质最优,子实体粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、总氨基酸含量分别为24.57%、16.02%、1.53%、154.64 mg/g,农艺性状仅次于发酵料加短时高温灭菌工艺;诱导灭菌工艺的成棒率最高,为99.2%。发酵料和发酵料加短时高温灭菌工艺均可获得较高的产量和品质,诱导灭菌工艺可获得较高的成棒率和产量;发酵料工艺无需灭菌,其子实体产量和品质俱佳,且节能高效,是适合北京地区夏末秋初平菇栽培的优选工艺。In order to improve the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and optimize the stick-making technique,the effects of stick-making techniques including sterilization,composting,composting plus short-term sterilization and induced sterilization on the yield,agronomic traits and nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus were studied with'Huimei NO.2'cultivar as test material.The results showed that technique of composting plus short-term sterilization demonstrated the best agronomic traits with 544.33 g,1.51 cm,6.47 cm,7.75 cm,34.00 branches of weight of single flower,stipe diameter,stipe length,pileus diameter,branch number,respectively,and with total yield of 85.56 kg per 100 sticks,of which ranked the third.Composting technique obtained the highest total yield of 98.26 kg per 100 sticks and also the best nutritional quality with 24.57%,16.02%,1.53%and 154.64 mg/g of contents of crude protein,crude fiber,crude fat and total amino acid in fruiting body,respectively.And its agronomic traits was the second to that of composting plus short-term sterilization technique.The highest stick-making ratio was 99.2%of induced sterilization technique.Higher yield and quality could be obtained by composting and composting plus short-term sterilization techniques,and higher stick-making rate and yield could be obtained by induced sterilization technique.The composting technique did not need sterilization,with fruiting body of good yield and quality,and energy saving and high efficiency,which was suitable for Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation in late summer and early autumn in Beijing.

关 键 词：平菇 制棒工艺 产量 农艺性状 品质 

分 类 号：S646.14[农业科学—蔬菜学]