The exploitation of epichloae endophytes for agricultural benefit  

作　　者：Linda J.Johnson Anouck C.M.de Bonth Lyn R.Briggs John R.Caradus Sarah C.Finch Damien J.Fleetwood Lester R.Fletcher David E.Hume Richard D.Johnson Alison J.Popay Brian A.Tapper Wayne R.Simpson Christine R.Voisey Stuart D.Card 

机构地区：[1]AgResearch Ltd,Grasslands Research Centre,Tennent Drive,Palmerston North 4442,New Zealand [2]AgResearch Ltd,Ruakura Research Centre,East Street,Hamilton 3214,New Zealand [3]AgResearch Ltd,Lincoln Research Centre,Corner Springs Road and Gerald Street,Lincoln 8140,New Zealand [4]AgResearch Laboratory of Structural Biology,School of Biological Sciences,University of Auckland,3a Symonds Street,Auckland 1142,New Zealand [5]Grasslanz Technology Ltd,Tennent Drive,Palmerston North 4474,New Zealand

出　　处：《Fungal Diversity》2013年第3期171-188,共18页真菌多样性（英文）

基　　金：the support and funding of PGG Wrightson Seeds for research pertaining to the development and selection of endophyte strains for commercialization.

摘　　要：Epichloae endophytes of family Clavicipitaceae(comprising genera Epichloëand Neotyphodium)are fungal symbionts of Pooideae grasses.The associations formed,range from mutually beneficial to antagonistic and the nature of this relationship is dependent upon the importance of vertical(via host seeds)versus horizontal(ascospore mediated)transmission of the fungus.These endophytes can enhance their hosts’survival through protection from abiotic and biotic stresses and can thus be utilized in an agricultural context.Animal-safe grass-endophyte associations that confer bio-protective properties for increased pasture persistence and productivity have been developed and commercialized.One of the crucial drivers underpinning the selection of epichloae strains for commercial development is endophyte derived bioactivity.The potential of next generation endophytes is determined by testing a number of attributes such as agronomic fitness,animal and food safety as well as compatibility with host plants of interest.Strategic research supports these activities by focusing on elucidating mechanisms of compatibility between host and fungal symbiont,as well as investigating other molecular drivers of symbiosis such as siderophore mediated iron-uptake,fungal signalling,fungal growth in host plants and fungal secondary metabolism.This review weaves together the different strands of multidisciplinary research aimed at ultimately exploiting epichloae endophytes for increased pasture performance.

关 键 词：Epichloë NEOTYPHODIUM POOIDEAE SYMBIOSIS Secondary metabolite TOXICOLOGY 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]