专家陪审制度冷思考--兼论审判阶段的专门知识供给机制  

A Prudent Reflection of Expert Juror System-Comments on the Supply Mechanism of Specialized Knowledge in Trial Stage

作　　者：于增尊[1] YU Zeng-zun(School of Law,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《时代法学》2022年第4期22-31,共10页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：2020年度天津市教委人文社科项目“审判中心主义视角下的司法职权关系研究”(2020SK027)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：随着科技发展和社会进步,案件审理中涉及各类专门知识的情况逐渐增多,作为外行的法官不得不依赖于专业人士的协助。专家陪审制度是专家参与审判和人民陪审员制度的融合创新,被视为应对诉讼事实专门化、解决法官认知困境的优化机制。然而抛开“存在就是合理”的前提预设和理论研究的“法院视角”可以发现,专家陪审制度遵循的是实用工具主义的现实逻辑,其公正和民主价值目标难以有效证成,且与诉讼体系多有抵牾之处,理应予以废除。完善审判阶段的专门知识供给机制,应当坚持司法鉴定和专家辅助人制度的基础性地位,统合司法技术辅助和庭外咨询专家制度,建立“法庭技术顾问”制度,并遵循身份外部性、司法亲历性、职能谦抑性、诉讼救济性等原则进行内容设计。With the technological development and social progress,judicial cases involving various specialized knowledge increase gradually which makes judges have to turn to professional for help.The expert jury system is a combination of expert participation in trial and people's jury system,which is regarded as an optimal mechanism to deal with the specialization of litigation facts and solve the cognitive dilemma of judges.However,after discard the precondition of“what is actual is rational”and“courts'perspective”for research,we may find that the expert juror system follows a logic of pragmatism and instrumentalism.The expert jury system should be abolished as its'just and democratic value goals are difficult to be proved effectively,and its conflicts with the system of litigation.To improve the supply mechanism of specialized knowledge in trial stage,we need insist the fundamental position of judicial expertise and expert assistant,set up a“technical consultant for court”system replacing the ancillary judicial personel and consulting experts.The system should be designed following the principles of externality of identity,judicial experience,modesty for function and relief from litigation.

关 键 词：专家陪审员 人民陪审员 专门知识 法庭技术顾问 

分 类 号：DF718.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]