“显性偏见”抑或“隐性偏差”——刑事审前程序中的认知偏差及其程序控制  

“Explicit Bias” or “Implicit Deviation”:Cognitive Deviations in Criminal Pre-Trial Procedure and Its Procedural Control

作　　者：谢澍[1] XIE Shu(School of Criminal Justice of China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法学家》2022年第4期31-45,192,共16页The Jurist

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国刑事证明标准的实践样态与认知模式研究”(21CFX073)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：除了“生硬”地违反刑事诉讼程序,冤错案件的形成还可能来自“根深蒂固”的显性认知偏见或“无意识”的隐性认知偏差,尤其是审前程序的主导性偏见以及偏见传递的制度性路径,可能导致审前程序中的认知偏差传递至后续刑事诉讼程序进而产生系统性的负面影响。刑事诉讼审前程序改革进程中,应当遵循“认知主体之实质多元”“认知行为之及时监控”“认知构造之有效平衡”的认知原理,进而探索检察介入侦查的认知基础、“捕诉合一”改革的认知保障,并且以检察机关主导责任为中心平衡审前认知构造。In addition to violating criminal procedure “blindly”,the formation of wrongful conviction may also result from “ingrained” explicit cognitive biases or“unconscious”implicit cognitive deviations.And the dominant prejudice and the systematic path of prejudice transmission would especially lead to negative impacts on subsequent criminal procedure.In the process of criminal pre-trial procedure reform,with following “substantial diversity of cognitive subjects”,“timely monitoring of cognitive behaviors” and “effective balance of cognitive structure” principles,the cognitive basis of “prior intervention by prosecutorate” and “integration of arrest and prosecution” should be explored,and the pre-trial cognitive structure should be balanced under the center of protectorate’s leading responsibility.

关 键 词：审前程序 认知偏差 侦查中心 捕诉合一 主导责任 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]