中国古代“以法治国”思想的历史类型  

The Historical Forms of Chinese Ancient Thoughts of“to Rule the Country by Law”

作　　者：张鸿[1] ZHANG Hong

机构地区：[1]南开大学校史研究室,天津300071

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期116-121,共6页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

摘　　要："以法治国"是中国古代一个重要的政治理论命题及法制理论命题。将法制及法律奉为治国理政首要手段的"以法治国"理论形成于春秋战国之际,其理论先导是商周时代的"明德慎罚"理论,而"明德慎罚"思想的基本思路和"以法治国"思想的核心要素源远流长。从早期国家产生,到春秋战国,"依法治国"思想先后经历了三种历史类型,即在某个或某些领域运用法制及法律治国理政、国家政治法制化程度不高的"以法治国";相当重视法制及法律在治国理政中的作用、国家政治法制化程度也较高的"以法治国";将法制及法律视为治国理政的首要手段、国家政治法制化程度相当高的"以法治国"。西周王朝堪称"以法治国"政治模式的雏形。“To rule the country by Law”is an important political and legal theory proposition.The theory of“to rule the country by law”,which took legal institution and law as the prime measure to rule the country,came into being during the Period of Spring and Autumn and the Period of Warring States.Its harbinger was the theory of“míng déshèn fá(to put benefaction before punishment)”in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.The basic thinking of“míng déshèn fá(to put benefaction before punishment)”and the core element of the thought of“to rule the country by law”had a long history.From the time of birth of state to the Periods of Spring and Autumn and Warring States,the thought of“to rule the country by law”had three historical forms:to rule the country in a certain or some fields by legal institution and law,in which the degree of politicization and legalization was not high;to pay more attention to the role of legal institution and law,in which the degree of politicization and legalization was high;to take legal institution and law as the prime measure to rule the country,in which the degree of politicization and legalization was rather high.West Zhou was the prime form for the political model of“to rule the country”.

关 键 词：以法治国 明德慎罚 商周时代 政治思想 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]