儿童认知能力与学习障碍的关联性研究  

Study on the correlation between cognitive ability and learning disability in children

作　　者：刘姿镃 徐小雨 潘宁[1] 金钰莹 郭旭宁 李秀红[1] LIU Zi-zi;XU Xiao-yu;PAN Ning;JIN Yu-ying;GUO Xu-ning;LI Xiu-hong(Department of Maternal and Child Health,School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 5100803 China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2022年第8期834-838,844,共6页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81673197);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011757)。

摘　　要：目的分析二~五年级小学生认知加工缺陷与不同类型学习障碍的关联性,为其针对性干预措施的建立提供参考依据。方法2019年12月通过分层整群随机抽样抽取广州市二~五年级1905名小学生,采用学习障碍筛查量表(PRS)筛查学习障碍儿童,采用儿童汉语阅读障碍筛查量表(DCCC)了解其认知特征,采用χ^(2)检验、t检验及Logistic回归进行数据统计分析。结果存在书面表达障碍(OR=2.70,95%CI:1.01~7.18)、注意力障碍(OR=4.44,95%CI:1.50~13.10)和视知觉障碍(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.35~6.35)的儿童发生学习障碍的风险更高(P<0.05)。注意力障碍儿童发生言语型学习障碍的风险更高(OR=9.02,95%CI:1.82~44.84),视知觉障碍儿童发生非言语型学习障碍的风险更高(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.59~10.10),注意力障碍(OR=6.06,95%CI:1.88~19.49)和视知觉障碍(OR=4.61,95%CI:1.76~12.04)同时存在的儿童发生混合型学习障碍的风险更高。结论多维度的认知障碍与学习障碍的发生相关,其中注意力障碍儿童更易存在言语型学习障碍,视知觉障碍更易存在非言语型学习障碍,混合型学习障碍则同时与注意力障碍和视知觉障碍显著相关。Objective To analyze the correlation between cognitive processing defects and different types of learning disabilities in second-to fifth-grade pupils,so as to provide reference for targeted intervention measures.Methods A total of 1905 second-to fifth-grade pupils in Guangzhou were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling.Children with learning disabilities were screened by the Pupil Revised-Screening for Learning Disability(PRS)and the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children(DCCC).Data were analyzed byχ^(2) test,t test and Logistic regression.Results Children with written expression disorder(OR=2.70,95%CI:1.01-7.18),attention disorder(OR=4.44,95%CI:1.50-13.10)and visual perception disorder(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.35-6.35)were more likely to have learning disabilities.Children with attention disorder had a higher risk of verbal learning disorder(OR=9.02,95%CI:1.82-44.84),and children with visual perception disorder had a higher risk of non-verbal learning disorder(OR=4.01,95%CI:1.59-10.10).Children with attention disorder(OR=6.06,95%CI:1.88-19.49)and visual perception disorder(OR=4.61,95%CI:1.76-12.04)had a higher risk of developing mixed learning disorder.Conclusions Multi-dimensional cognitive impairment is related to the occurrence of learning disabilities.Specifically,children with attention impairment and visual perception impairment are more likely to have verbal learning impairment,and non-verbal learning impairment,respectively.Mixed learning impairment is significantly related to both attention impairment and visual perception impairment.

关 键 词：学习障碍 认知能力 注意力障碍 视知觉障碍 学龄儿童 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]