试论富裕阶层的道德义务  

Moral Duties of the Rich in China

作　　者：伏佳佳 张国清[2] Fu Jiajia;Zhang Guoqing(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学哲学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第5期113-125,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。经过四十多年的改革开放,一部分人和一部分地区先富裕起来,富裕阶层逐渐形成,中产阶层不断壮大,历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题。在人类历史上,这是社会发展和人权进步的伟大成就。一方面,中国处于社会主义初级阶段,不同阶层的贫富差距有待缩小,相对贫困阶层将长期存在,精准扶贫任重而道远。另一方面,中国的富人和穷人都属于人民。富裕阶层和其他阶层的矛盾属于人民内部矛盾,他们不是零和博弈关系,而是互利互惠关系。为了实现共同富裕,富裕阶层有三项道德义务:(1)不得侵害穷人及其他成员的权益;(2)帮助穷人摆脱贫困;(3)先富带后富。帮助穷人摆脱贫困,帮助他人逐步致富,实现全体人民共同富裕,是社会主义社会发展到一定阶段时向富裕阶层提出的道德要求。富人的财富表面上属于自己,实际上属于国家,最终属于人民。以爱国企业家为代表的富人是建设新时代中国特色社会主义的重要力量。社会及其成员应当尊重富人,鼓励他们创造更多财富,为社会和谐发展与人类文明进步做出更大贡献。Gradually realizing common prosperity for all people is both a theoretical and practical problem.By 2020, under the strong leadership of the Communist Party, China has tackled the problem of absolute poverty after more than four decades of reform and opening-up. This has allowed some people and areas to gradually become rich. The rich class has gradually formed and the middle class has grown. China has historically solved the problem of absolute poverty. In human history, it is a great achievement in social development and human rights progress. However, poor classes will continue to exist for a long time, and the gap between the rich and the poor still needs to be narrowed—the task of accurate poverty alleviation is still on the way. Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and a fundamental feature of Chinese-style modernization. In order to promote common prosperity, the rich are expected to fulfill the following moral duties:(1) not to violate the rights of the poor and other social members;(2) to help the poor rise out of poverty;(3) to help others towards affluence and prosperity.Firstly, not infringing on the basic rights and interests of the poor and other members of society is a passive but primary duty of the rich, and is both heterogeneous and coercive. Poverty is the state of lacking necessities, and is not conducive to the protection of basic individual human rights, endangering the right to subsistence and depriving them of their right to development. The poor have the right not to be violated or restricted from achieving their basic interests. The rich first shall not do harm to others,not do harm to the poor. They should neither take advantage of loopholes in laws, policies and institutions, nor seek to maximize their own interests in the light of violation of laws. Secondly, the rich have a positive and proactive duty to help the poor to eliminate poverty. Just as helping others and giving to charity is what the philanthropists themselves want, the duty to help the poor is ben

关 键 词：富裕阶层 先富带后富 共同富裕 道德义务 

分 类 号：B82-053[哲学宗教—伦理学]