“沿着精神的阶梯上升”--《植物变形记》和歌德的自然哲学  

Notes on Goethe's The Metamorphosis of Plants and His Philosophy of Nature

作　　者：童明 Toming Jun Liu(Center for English Studies,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,He'nan Province,English Department,California State University,Los Angeles,USA)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学英美文学研究中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《外国文学》2022年第4期13-20,共8页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：歌德1790年发表的《植物变形记》堪称诗学感知和科学感知和谐一体的大作。在歌德“直觉的科学”里,感官的肉眼和超感官的“心灵眼”合成“参与性的认知”,即:以此灵性的视力,感知宇宙间有序而永恒变化的生命创造力,以人的精神参悟大自然的精神,进而以人的创造参与“神”的创造。本文谈及歌德意大利游历期间所产生的精神飞跃,论及斯宾诺莎的自然哲学对歌德产生的影响,阐述《植物变形记》提出的原型“叶”的变形,探讨歌德的自然观,最后以歌德的诗句诠释歌德的植物形态理论。Published in 1790, Goethe’s master work in botany, The Metamorphosis of Plants, is a harmonious integration of poetic sensibility and scientific sensibility. In Goethe’s “intuitive science,” the eye of the body representing sensuous experience and the “eye of the mind” representing super-sensuous intuition become one in sight, which then constitutes “participatory knowing,” namely: it is with this in-sight that we intuitively “see”the creative potency in the ordered and yet constantly becoming Nature, that the spirit of the human can commune with the spirit in Nature, and that, furthermore, human creation can participate in the creative process in the universe. The article summarizes how Goethe’s stay in Italy in 1786-1788 was a period of the poet’s significant changes, discusses how he was influenced by Spinoza’s pantheist natural philosophy, and on that basis explicates Goethe’s plants metamorphosis theory based on the “leave” as the archetypal organ. The article also cites Goethe’s own poem with the same title to illustrate Goethe’s philosophy of nature.

关 键 词：歌德 斯宾诺莎 植物形态学 参与性认知 变形 

分 类 号：G516[文化科学—教育学]