中外院士的行政职级差异比较研究--以中美英科学院为例  

A Comparative Study of the Administrative Rank Differences Between Chinese and Foreign Academicians

作　　者：李小乐 苗杰[1] 石进[1] 司徒凌云 Li Xiaole;Miao Jie;Shi Jin;Situ Lingyun(School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学信息管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《情报杂志》2022年第8期185-193,共9页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“面向国家安全和情报研究”(项目编号:18FTQ005)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[研究目的]科学家过度的行政任职可能导致科学家社会角色失范,对科学社会建制和科学的自由发展产生不利影响。现有对中外科学家行政任职的研究多基于中国科学院院士与诺贝尔奖获得者两个群体进行比较,但二者在评选标准上的差异成为比较研究中的干扰变量。[研究方法]选择中外国家科学院院士作为杰出科学家群体的代表,通过行政分级进行定量比较,发现相对于英美国家,中国院士存在更大范围、更高级别的行政任职现象,不利于科学家职业化发展和科研体制改革。[研究结论]从科学家群体成长的内部规律、国家科技管理体制的外部宏观条件以及国家科学认可机制的中介变量等角度分析并提出政策建议,旨在削弱杰出科学家行政任职的消极社会影响,保障科学发展的自主性以及科学家群体的职业性,推动国家科技战略和民族复兴目标的最终实现。[Research purpose]Excessive administrative appointments of scientists may lead to the anomie of the social role of scientists and adversely affect the scientific social system and the free development of science.Existing research on the administration of Chinese and foreign scientists compares academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with Nobel Prize winners,and there are differences in the selection criteria of the two groups.[Research method]This article selects academicians of the Chinese and Foreign National Academy of Sciences as representatives of outstanding scientists.Through administrative grading and quantitative comparison,it is found that compared to their counterparts in the UK and the USA,administrative appointments of Chinese academicians involve a larger range and higher levels,which is not conducive to scientists’professionalization and the scientific research system reform.[Research conclusion]Finally,it analyzes and proposes policy recommendations from the perspectives of the internal laws of the growth of the scientist group,the external macro conditions of the national science and technology management system,and the intermediary variables of the national scientific recognition mechanism,aiming to reduce the negative social impact of outstanding scientists’administrative appointment,ensure the autonomy of scientific development and the professional development of the group of scientists,and promote the final realization of the national science and technology strategy and national rejuvenation goals.

关 键 词：院士 行政任职 科学家职业化 科技管理 科学体制改革 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]