消费民事公益诉讼中检察机关支持起诉的现实与未来——基于29起案件的实证分析  

The Reality and Future of Procuratorial Organs'Support for Consumption Civil Public Interest Litigation—An Empirical Analysis Based on 29 Cases

作　　者：涂富秀[1] Tu Fuxiu

机构地区：[1]福建江夏学院法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2022年第4期119-133,共15页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：福建省社科项目(FJ2017TWFX004\\FJ2020TWFX007)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：《民事诉讼法》第58条构建了“消协+检察”的消费维权公私合作模式,检察机关作为支持起诉人处于辅助角色。但实践中,消协组织的能力缺失催生了检察机关的强势介入,我国消费民事公益诉讼走上了检察主导的“国家化”路径。检察辅助异化为检察主导、检察机关法律地位模糊不清和实施制度“碎片化”是检察支持起诉在消费民事公益诉讼中的三大困境。社会治理语境下,检察机关在消费民事公益诉讼中的主要角色是支持起诉人,“消协起诉+检察机关支持起诉”应当成为消费民事公益诉讼的主流模式。今后应当在廓清功能定位的基础上,用必要性原则、公共利益原则匡正检察机关支持起诉的基本方向,并对程序规则和保障机制进行完善。Article 58 of the Civil Procedure Law establishes a public-private cooperation model for consumer rights protection,which is a“consumer associations plus procuratorial organs”model.The procuratorial organs,as supporters of the prosecution,are in an auxiliary position.However,in practice,the insufficient capacity of consumer associations has led to the strong intervention of procuratorial organs.As a result,China's consumer civil litigation with public interest has embarked on a procuratorial organs-led“nationalization”path.The changing role of procuratorial organs from supporting to leading,vague legal status of the procuratorial organs and fragmentation of the implementation system,are the three major dilemmas for procuratorial organs to support prosecution in consumer civil litigation with public interests.In the context of social governance,the main role of procuratorial organs in consumer civil litigation with public interests is to support the plaintiff,and the“consumer associations plus procuratorial organs”model should become the mainstream model of consumer civil litigation with public interests.On the basis of clarifying the functional position,the basic direction of procuratorial organs'support for prosecution should be corrected with the principle of necessity and public interests,and the procedural rules and security mechanisms should be improved.

关 键 词：支持起诉 检察机关 消费民事公益诉讼 社会治理 公共利益 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]