争议与热点:新时期体育中高考改革取向再审视——兼论“双减”背景下体育中考的介入与定位  

Controversy and Hotspot:Re-examination on Reform Orientation of P.E.Entrance Exam for Senior High Schools and Colleges in the New Era:On Intervention and Orientation of P.E.Entrance Exam for Senior High Schools under Background of Double Reduction Policy

作　　者：熊文[1] XIONG Wen(College of P.E.and Health,East China Normal Univ.,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2022年第8期83-92,共10页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(19ATY003)。

摘　　要：对当前体育中高考改革取向相关的若干争议、热点予以辨析,审视其深层、结构性问题,厘清有关认识和理论,并就“双减”背景下体育中考介入的困境及再定位进行探讨,旨在为体育中高考改革的决策和推行、“双减”政策在体育相关方面的落实及体教融合提供理论资源。认为:(1)体育“应试教育”及其改革取向指向地位考试、素质素养教育、体育锻炼及“良性负担”“对冲”说,均存在认识误区或偏差。其中,体育中高考改革难以促成“减负”,这也提示特定“体育锻炼”效应介入“双减”面临理论困境。(2)体育中高考改革的调适和定位应置于当下社会-价值视域及“双减”背景之下:其一,体育中高考改革应谨防在某种舆论压力与“既定目标”下的推行,谨防非必需或极限-竞技化的运动能力作为教育及人才评价的核心指标,以及谨防改革的有限效应对社会伦理价值的僭越和碾压;其二,在“双减”背景下对体育中考改革予以定位,需谨防体育在中考改革压力下成为一种新的负担,以及谨防“双减”背景与体育中考导向下学校体育的矮化和生物化。提出:“双减”或“减负”背景下学校体育的发展应超越体育升学考试的导向和限制,体现学校体育的实质和育人价值,这也是对“体教融合”及“让学生在体育锻炼中享受乐趣”的切合和呼应;应防止在体育中高考与“双减”或不当“减负”观双重作用下催生和助长学校体育“生物体育观”。This paper analyzed disputes and hotspots of the current reform of the P.E.entrance exam for senior high schools and colleges,examined its structural problems,clarified relevant understandings and theories,and discussed the difficulties and reorientation of the P.E.entrance exam under the background of Double Reduction Policy,which was to ease the burden of excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education,in order to in sports-related aspects and the integration of sports and education.It was seen that there were misunderstandings of P.E.taken as oriented for ranking examination,character education,physical exercise and benign burden etc..The reform of the P.E.entrance exam for senior high schools and colleges was difficult reduce burden,which indicated that the specific“physical exercise”effect was difficult to be involved in reducing the students’burden.The adjustment and positioning of the reform should be placed under the current social ethics perspective and the background of Double Reduction Policy.First,the reform should not be implemented under the force of public opinion and established goals,non-essential athletic ability should not be taken as the core indicator of education and talent evaluation.The effect of the reform should not surpass the social ethical values.Secondly,orientate of the reform should guard against sports becoming a new burden or lack of humanistic concern.Under the background of Double Reduction or burden reduction relieving,the development of school P.E.should go beyond the limitation of P.E.entrance examination,and reflect the essence and educational value of school P.E.,in the integration of sports and education and help the students enjoy pleasure in physical exercise.Humanistic concerns should be given to avoid inappropriate burden relieving.

关 键 词：体育中考 体育高考 主科 应试教育 双减 伦理 体教融合 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]