3098例耳鼻喉科就诊患儿血清过敏原检测结果分析  

Analysis of serum allergen detection results of 3098 children treat in the department of otolaryngology

作　　者：马佳 贺沁 张嘉懿[1] 李泽 沈永明[1] 司萍[1] MA Jia;HE Qin;ZHANG Jiayi;LI Ze;SHENG Yongming;SI Ping(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tianjin Children′s Hospital/Tianjin University Children′s Hospital,Tianjin 300074,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市儿童医院/天津大学儿童医院检验科,天津300074

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2022年第16期2224-2227,2230,共5页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

摘　　要：目的了解耳鼻喉科就诊患儿过敏原的分布情况。方法收集2020年11月至2021年10月于该院耳鼻喉科门诊就诊的患儿3098例为研究对象。采用酶联免疫捕获法检测患儿血清20项过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)水平,分析不同年龄、性别及不同季节患儿的过敏原分布情况。结果3098例患儿的过敏原阳性率为72.05%,食入性过敏原阳性率位于前3位的依次为鸡蛋(34.22%)、牛奶(25.66%)、小麦面粉(9.72%);吸入性过敏原阳性率位于前3位的依次为交链孢霉(29.73%)、粉尘螨(14.14%)、屋尘(13.82%)。男性患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率为52.92%,女性患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率为43.80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄分期患儿食入性和吸入性过敏原阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。婴幼儿期患儿食入性过敏原阳性率最高(63.97%),学龄期患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率最高(62.47%)。冬季食入性过敏原阳性率最高,夏季吸入性过敏原阳性率最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该院耳鼻喉科就诊患儿中,交链孢霉、粉尘螨、屋尘、鸡蛋、牛奶、小麦面粉等为主要的过敏原,不同性别、年龄、季节患儿的过敏原阳性率存在一定差异,该研究数据为临床提供了诊断和治疗依据,有助于对患儿提前采取预防措施。Objective To understand the allergens distribution of children treat in the department of otolaryngology.Methods A total of 3098 children who visited the department of otolaryngology outpatient of this hospital from November 2020 to October 2021 were collected as research objects.Enzyme-linked immunocapture method was used to detect 20 allergen-specific IgE(sIgE)levels in serum of children,and the distribution of allergens in children of different ages,genders and seasons was analyzed.Results The positive rate of allergens in 3098 children was 72.05%,and the top 3 positive rates of ingested allergens were eggs(34.22%),milk(25.66%)and wheat flour(9.72%).The top 3 positive rates of inhaled allergens were Alternaria alternatus(29.73%),dust mites(14.14%)and house dust(13.82%).The positive rate of inhaled allergens in male children was 52.92%,and the positive rate of inhaled allergens in female children was 43.80%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rates of ingested and inhaled allergens in children of different ages(P<0.05).Infancy children had the highest positive rate of ingested allergens(63.97%),and school-aged children had the highest positive rate of inhaled allergens(62.47%).The positive rate of ingested allergens was the highest in winter,and the positive rate of inhaled allergens was the highest in summer,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Among the children treat in the department of otolaryngology of this hospital,Alternaria alternatus,dust mites,house dust,eggs,milk,wheat flour,etc.are the main allergens.There are certain differences in the positive rate of allergens in children of different genders,ages and seasons.The data of this study provide clinical basis for diagnosis and treatment,and help to take preventive measures in advance for children.

关 键 词：耳鼻喉科 过敏原 特异性IGE 儿童 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]