基于驾驶仿真的海底隧道出入口段视觉减速标线有效性  

Effectiveness of Visual Deceleration Marking at the Entrance and Exit of Undersea Tunnel Based on Driving Simulation

作　　者：潘福全 梁雪 王琳 陈德启 杨晓霞 张丽霞 PAN Fu-quan;LIANG Xue;WANG Lin;CHEN De-qi;YANG Xiao-xia;ZHANG Li-xia(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,青岛266000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2022年第21期9372-9380,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MG021);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(18YJAZH067);国家自然科学基金(62003182)。

摘　　要：为提高海底隧道出入口段行车安全性,研究了海底隧道出入口段不同视觉减速标线方案下驾驶员视觉特征变化规律。设置了6种视觉减速标线方案,对26名驾驶员进行了室内驾驶仿真实验,采集了车速、注视点占比、瞳孔直径和察觉距离等数据,通过分析和处理数据判断视觉减速标线的有效性,分别建立了海底隧道出入口段车速与驾驶员瞳孔直径的回归模型,在海底隧道入口段二者呈非线性关系,出口段二者呈线性关系。采用驾驶员问卷调查法对视觉减速标线有效性进行了验证。结果表明:在海底隧道出入口段共设置的6种视觉减速标线方案均对驾驶员视觉特征有显著影响;与其他标线方案相比,白色鱼刺形减速标线设置下驾驶员瞳孔直径、A区域注视点占比、察觉距离和错觉影响最大,有助于驾驶员主动降低车速,提前采取减速措施,保障行车安全。In order to improve the traffic safety at the entrance and exit of subsea tunnel,the variation law of driver s visual characteristics under different visual deceleration marking schemes at the entrance and exit of subsea tunnel was studied.Six visual deceleration marking schemes were set up,and the indoor driving simulation experiments were carried out on 26 drivers.The data such as vehicle speed,proportion of view points,pupil diameter and detection distance were collected.Through analyzing and processing the data to judge the effectiveness of visual deceleration marking,the regression models of vehicle speed and driver pupil diameter at the entrance and exit of subsea tunnel were established respectively,and the relationship between them was nonlinear at the entrance of subsea tunnel,the relationship between them was linear at the exit of subsea tunnel.The validity of visual deceleration marking was verified by driver questionnaire.The results show that the six visual deceleration marking schemes at the entrance and exit of subsea tunnel have a significant impact on the driver s visual characteristics.Compared with other marking schemes,the setting of white fishbone deceleration marking has the greatest impact on the driver s pupil diameter,the proportion of view points in area A,the detection distance and illusion influence,which helps the driver actively reduce the speed,take deceleration measures in advance and ensure driving safety.

关 键 词：交通安全 海底隧道出入口段 驾驶仿真 视觉减速标线 视觉特征 

分 类 号：U458[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]