从形而下的大数据到形而上的易经:谈科研范式的殊途与同归  

From Metaphysical Big Data to Metaphysical I Ching:On the Different Paths and Common Goals of Research Paradigm

作　　者：贾利军[1] 徐韵 贺达豪 JIA Lijun;XU Yun;HE Dahao(Faculty of Economics and Management of East China Normal University,Shanghai 20333,China;Faculty of Education of East China Normal University,Shanghai 20333,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学工商管理学院,上海200333 [2]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200333

出　　处：《科学与管理》2022年第4期66-73,共8页Science and Management

摘　　要：历经经验科学、理论科学及计算科学等发展阶段的西方科研范式,在近现代人类的科学研究活动中独领风骚。“可重复性危机”的出现使得这种以“抽样”为主要特征的科研范式陷入了尴尬的境地,特别是其对“整体”把握的无力感使得其又面临着客观性和科学性的考验。日臻成熟的大数据范式以囊括近乎“整体”的数据而实现对现实世界的网络镜像,使之似乎离“真理”更进一步,抽样型科研范式也终结于能够实现“全样本研究”的大数据范式。但所谓的“镜像世界”根本不等于真实世界,接近“整体”也并不能真正代表“整体”,大数据范式仍旧不能真实、完整地反映客观世界。而以有机整体论世界观为基础的易经范式,其构建的整体为世界和万物的“全息模型”,通过对现实世界进行“易经模型化”能够进行更高层次、更高意义上的科学研究。因此,可以说大数据范式的进阶方向是拟象天地的“易经范式”。未来的科学研究将殊途同归,统一于大数据范式向易经范式的进化的过程中。The western scientific research paradigm,which has experienced the development stages of empirical science,theoretical science and computational science,has taken the lead in modern human scientific research activities.The emergence of"repeatability crisis"makes this scientific research paradigm characterized by"sampling"into an embarrassing situation,especially its inability to grasp the"whole"makes it face the test of objectivity and scientificity.The maturing big data paradigm has achieved a network mirror image of the real world by capturing almost"overall"data,making it seem to be further away from"truth".The sampling research paradigm has also come to an end with the big data paradigm that can achieve"full sample research".However,the so-called"mirror world"is not equal to the real world at all.Approaching the"whole"does not really represent the"whole".The big data paradigm still cannot truly and completely reflect the objective world.The"I Chingparadigm"based on the world view of organic holism constructs a"holographic model"of the world and all things.Through the"I Chingmodeling"of the real world,it can carry out scientific research at a higher level and in a higher sense.Therefore,it can be said that the advanced direction of big data paradigm is to imitate the"I Chingparadigm"of heaven and earth.Future scientific research will come to the same goal by different paths and be unified in the process of the evolution from big data paradigm to"I Chingparadigm".

关 键 词：科研范式 大数据 易经 原子论 整体论 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学] C93[经济管理—管理学]