挑战与支持:院校环境感知如何影响中美日研究型大学本科生的学习  

Challenge and Support:How does Institutional Environment Perception Affect the Undergraduate Learning in Chinese,American and Japanese Research Universities

作　　者：徐丹[1] 蒋婷 XU Dan;JIANG Ting

机构地区：[1]湖南大学教育科学研究院,长沙410082

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2022年第4期74-84,共11页University Education Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学课题“认证背景下高等工程教育学生学习成果评估现状与改进”(BIA180165)。

摘　　要：使用2017~2018年度研究型大学本科生就读经历调查数据,根据学生感知的学业挑战度和院校环境支持度水平及二者匹配程度,采用潜在剖面分析方法,可将院校环境分为高挑战高支持型、中度挑战支持型、低挑战低支持型、挑战和支持度极低型、高挑战低支持型、极低挑战中度支持型。当挑战度和支持度相匹配时,学生感知的挑战度支持度水平与其学习投入和学习效果正相关;反之则难达到理想状态。中、美、日三国研究型大学本科生感知到的主要环境类型分别是中度挑战支持型环境、高挑战高支持型、低挑战低支持型。建议我国研究型大学丰富学习资源,为学生提供支持性学习环境;围绕目标改进课程要素,循序渐进提升课程挑战度;改革教师评价制度,促进教师提升教学能力和教学学术能力。Based on Sanford’s Challenge and Support theory,this study uses the data of survey by the International Consortium of Student Experience in Research Universities in 2017-2018,which takes undergraduates from 10 research universities in China,the United States and Japan as samples.According to the level and matching degree of academic challenge and institutional environment support perceived by undergraduates in these research universities,and using the individual-centered potential profile analysis method,the university environment perceived by undergraduates in these research universities could be classified into six types;high challenge and high support type,moderate challenge and support type,low challenge and low support type,low challenge and moderate support type,high challenge and low support type,and very low challenge and moderate support type.When students perceive institutional environment in which the degree of challenge and support are matching,the higher the level of the two,the better the student’s learning engagement and effect.Otherwise,it is difficult to achieve the ideal state.The main types of environments perceived by undergraduates in research universities in China,the United States and Japan are moderate challenge and supportive environment,high challenge and high support environment,and low challenge and low support environment.In order to promote students’learning and development,it is suggested that higher education institutions should enrich learning resources and provide students with a supportive learning environment,improve the curriculum elements around the target,and gradually increase challenge of curriculum,and reform the teacher evaluation system so as to encourage teachers to improve their teaching ability and academic teaching ability.

关 键 词：学业挑战度 院校环境支持度 学习投入 学习效果 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]