与佛取花和尚祥山水——北朝沁阳围屏石床研究  

Picking Flowers for the Buddha and Wandering Through Mountains and Streams:Study of Northern Dynasties Stone Beds with Screen Panels from Qinyang

作　　者：白炳权 Bai Bingquan

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系,广州市510275

出　　处：《考古学集刊》2022年第1期166-192,共27页Archaeological Collectanea

摘　　要：北朝晚期沁阳围屏石床与当时的栗特石床大不相同,反而承袭北魏洛阳时代葬具传统,成为两大葬具传统之间的特例。沁阳围屏石床具有独特的图像布局模式与丧葬内涵,石床床座图像杂糯了洛阳葬具传统与佛教造像图样,一方面有意突出天人、摩尼宝珠与仪卫图,显示出丧家往生佛国的祈盼;另一方面保留畏兽、千秋万岁图,以此发挥石床墓辟邪功能。此外,在洛阳葬具图像布局基础上,沁阳石床两侧围屏上刻有持莲行进、揽镜自照的女子与简祥山水的男子,表现出持莲往生与山林名士意蕴。沁阳石床多元杂糯的特点与北朝晚期沁阳地区匠作传统、多元文化氛围密不可分。透过沁阳石床,不仅可以看到洛阳葬具传统在地方的沿革,也可借此管北朝晚期士民对死后的想象。Late Northern Dynasties stone beds found in Qinyang are dramatically different from the contemporary Sogdian stone beds The former more inherits the traditions of funerary furnishings during the Northern Wei Dynasty at Luoyang,and thus becomes exceptional vis-a-vis the two traditions of funerary furnishings Qinyang stone beds with screen panels has a unique layout pattern of pictorial images and funerary connotation Images on stone bed bases hybridize the traditions of funerary furnishings in Luoyang and the styles of Buddhist statues.The cultural meanings are twofold:on the one hand,the intentional highlight of apsaras,Mani jewel and the images of guardians expresses the wish of the bereaved for a rebirth of the deceased in the pure land;on the other hand,it retains the images of dreadful beasts and bird mythical creatures on the stone bed for expelling evil spirits.In addition to the imagery layout on funerary furishings in Luoyang,the screen panels on both sides of the stone bed are engraved with strolling women holding lotus and mirrors and men wandering through mountains and streams,showing the meaning of rebirth in the pure land and being secluded famous gentlemen.The pluralistic characteristics represented by the Qinyang stone beds are closely related to the tradition of craftsmanship and multi-cultural milieu during the late Northern Dynasties Through the lens of Qinyang stone beds,not only can we see the continuation and transformation of the Luoyang tradition of funerary furnishings in local contexts,but also the imaginary world after life perceived by the gentlemen-class during the late Northern Dynasties.

关 键 词：石床 葬具 佛教造像 北朝 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]