刈割频率、混播比例和混播组合对盐碱地混播草地产量及种间关系的影响  

Effects of Mowing Frequency,Mixed Sowing Ratio and Combination on Yield and Interspecific Relationship of Mixed Pasture in Saline-alkali Land

作　　者：刘启宇 云岚 陈逸凡 郭宏宇 李珍 高志琦 石凤翎 LIU Qi-yu;YUN Lan;CHEN Yi-fan;GUO Hong-yu;LI Zhen;GAO Zhi-qi;SHI Feng-ling(College of Grassland,Resource and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第8期61-68,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860672);内蒙古农业大学科技成果转化专项(YZGC2017012)。

摘　　要：在内蒙古中西部轻度盐碱地,以草原3号杂花苜蓿分别与新麦草、缘毛雀麦、长穗偃麦草不同混播比例(豆禾比1∶1、1∶2、1∶3)建植3年的人工草地为研究对象,设3个刈割频率(年刈割1次、年刈割2次、年刈割3次)研究不同刈割频率、混播比例和混播组合对牧草产量以及种间竞争关系的影响。结果表明,刈割频率与混播组合的互作效应对混播草地的牧草产量有显著影响(P<0.05),其中主效应刈割频率对产量的影响极显著(P<0.01),且以年刈割2次牧草产量表现均为最高。3个混播组合在不同刈割频率下的竞争指数表现一致,均为豆禾相对产量大于1,相对产量总值大于1,苜蓿种间竞争率大于1,禾草种间竞争率小于1。不同混播比例组合在各刈割频率下的相对产量和相对产量总值表现为大于1,在3种刈割频率下苜蓿种间竞争率均随着禾草比例的升高逐渐增大,年刈割3次时禾草种间竞争率表现为先增高后降低,且豆禾以1∶2混播时禾草种间竞争率较高。综合考虑,苜蓿与新麦草以1∶2、苜蓿与缘毛雀麦以1∶3、苜蓿与长穗偃麦草以1∶1进行混播建植,且每年刈割2次更有利于维持稳定、高产的混播草地。In this experiment,the artificial mixed pasture,which was established for 3 years by alfalfa(Medicago varia Martin.cv.Caoyuan No.3)mixed sowing with Psathyrostachys juncea,Bromus ciliatus and Elytrigia elongata in ratio of 1∶1,1∶2 and 1∶3,respectively,in the mild saline-alkali land in the central and western of Inner Mongolia,as the research object.Three cutting frequencies(once,twice,and three times annually)were set up to study the effects of different mowing frequency,mixed sowing ratio and mixed sowing combination on the dry matter yield of forage and interspecific competition.The results showed that the mowing frequency and mixed sowing combination had a significant interaction effect on forage yield of mixed pasture(P<0.05),among which the main effect of mowing frequency on the yield was the most significant(P<0.01),and the forage yield of treatment of mowing twice a year was the highest.The competition indexes of three mixed sowing combinations under different moving frequency were consistent,which showed that the relative yield of alfalfa and other grass was greater than 1,the total relative yield was greater than 1,the interspecific competition rate of alfalfa was greater than 1,and that of grass was less than 1.The relative yield and total value of relative yield of different combinations under each mowing frequency was greater than 1.The interspecific competition rate of alfalfa increased gradually with the increase of grass proportion under the three mowing frequencies.When mowing three times a year,the interspecific competition rate of grass increased first and then decreased,and the CR_(g) value was greater when alfalfa and grass mixed with 1∶2.Considering Comprehensively,alfalfa mixed with Psathyrostachys junce at 1∶2,alfalfa mixed with Bromus ciliates at 1∶3,alfalfa mixed with Elytrigia elongata at 1∶1,and mowing twice annually was more conducive to maintain a stable and high-yield mixed pasture.

关 键 词：混播草地 刈割频率 混播比例 牧草产量 种间竞争关系 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]