孔门“义利之辨”的经济学解释  

Economic Explanation of the Confucian Debate on Justice and Profit

作　　者：孔祥来 Kong Xianglai

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第4期83-97,159,共16页Confucius Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“战国治道演变的思想史研究”(项目编号:15YJCZH074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于社会分工,孔子及其后学认为统治者应该更多地关注“义”而不是“利”,但这不意味着“义”和“利”完全对立。孔门清楚地认识到人之“自利心”的普遍存在,认识到追求利益是一种普遍的社会现象,同时也认识到“自利心”驱动下的恶性竞争问题,所以提出以“义”限制和引导人们的求利行为。从根本上来说,孔门之“义”作为一套从人类长期的生产实践中演化出来的普遍性社会规范,作为一种非正式制度,通过促进社会主体之间的合作,可以改进经济效率,从而更好地成全各方的利益。Based on social division of labor,Confucius and his school believed that the rulers should pay more attention to"justice"rather than"interest",but this did not mean that"justice"and"interest"were completely opposite.Pre-Qin Confucianism clearly recognized the universal existence of people’s"self-interest",the pursuit of interests was a common social phenomenon,and the vicious competition driven by"self-interest",so"justice"was raised to restrict and guide people’s behavior of seeking interests.But fundamentally speaking,the"justice"of Confucius,as a set of universal social norms evolved from the long-term production practice of human beings,and as an informal system,can improve economic efficiency by promoting the cooperation between social subjects,so as to better fulfill the interests of all parties.

关 键 词：利 义 合作 正和效应 儒家 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]