新鲜构树叶青贮过程中品质动态变化规律及常规养分研究  

Study on quality dynamics and conventional nutrients in silage of fresh Broussonetia papyrifera leaves

作　　者：胡雁容 包瑞莹 吴军龙 李笑春[1] 郭定乾 王学梅[1] HU Yan-rong;BAO Rui-ying;WU Jun-long;LI Xiao-chun;GUO Ding-qian;WANG Xue-mei

机构地区：[1]海南大学动物科技学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《饲料研究》2022年第13期114-117,共4页Feed Research

摘　　要：试验旨在评估构树叶青贮过程中品质动态变化规律以及发酵质量。试验以新鲜构树叶为原料,采用常规方法制备青贮饲料,在青贮第0、6、12、18、24、30、70、100 d进行感官评价和常规养分测定;在青贮第0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24、27、30、70、100 d进行乳酸菌计数及pH值检测,每处理取3个样品。结果显示:构树叶青贮过程中品质变化不明显,构树叶在青贮第100 d逐渐出现淡淡丁酸臭味,色泽由淡绿色逐渐变为深绿色,质地在青贮过程中变化不明显,感官评定各项指标均为中等水平。构树叶在青贮过程中乳酸菌含量不断降低,在100 d时乳酸菌数量降至最低。整个青贮过程中,饲料pH值呈下降趋势,但下降速度缓慢,青贮100 d时降至4.52,发酵品质属于中等水平。随着青贮时间延长,构树叶青贮30 d内水分和可溶性碳水化合物含量不断减少,第12 d时显著低于原料(P<0.05)。构树叶氨态氮水平不断上升,18 d时显著高于原料(P<0.05)。青贮30 d内,构树叶粗蛋白、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量与原料相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,单一构树叶原料采用常规青贮方式进行青贮,效果并不理想,在生产中可考虑与其他可溶性碳水化合物含量较高的原料混合青贮提高其青贮品质,或添加合适的发酵菌种、控制青贮pH值、温度等条件进行青贮。The experiment was to evaluate the quality dynamics and fermentation quality of Broussonetia papyrifera silage.Silage was prepared by conventional methods,and sensory evaluation and routine nutrient determination were carried out at 0,6,12,18,24,30,70 and 100 d of silage.Lactic acid bacteria count and pH value were measured at 0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,70,100 d of silage,and three samples were taken from each treatment.The results showed that the quality of leaves did not change significantly during silage process.The leaves gradually showed a faint smell of on the 100th day of silage,and the color gradually changed from light green to dark green,the texture changed little during silage,and the sensory evaluation indexes were all at medium level.During silage,the content of lactic acid bacteria in Broussonetia papyrifera leaves decreased,and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased to the lowest value at 100 d.During the whole silage,the p H value of feed showed a downward trend,but the rate of decrease was slow,and it dropped to 4.52 after 100 d of silage,indicating that the fermentation quality was at a medium level.With the prolongation of silage time,the water and soluble carbohydrates of Broussonetia papyrifera leaves silage decreased continuously within 30 d,and were significantly lower than those of raw materials on the 12th day(P<0.05).The level of ammonia nitrogen in leaves of arborvitae increased continuously,which was significantly higher than that of the raw material at 18 d(P<0.05).Within 30 d of silage,the content of crude protein,crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were not significantly different from raw materials(P>0.05).The study indicates that the silage effect is not ideal when the silage is carried out by conventional silage method.It was suggested that the silage quality can be improved by mixing silage with other silage materials with higher soluble carbohydrate content,or adding suitable fermentation strains and controlling the p H value and temperature of

关 键 词：构树叶 青贮 常规养分 感官评定 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]