青藏高原公路建设草原生态赔偿费核算方法研究  

Research on Accounting Method of Grassland Ecological Compensation for Highway Construction in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：葛丽燕[1] 吴世红[1] 姚海博 冯志强 杨莹[1] 曾晓明 GE Li-yan;WU Shi-hong;YAO Hai-bo;FENG Zhi-qiang;YANG Ying;ZENG Xiao-ming(Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,Key Laboratory of EnviroTmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所,水路交通环境保护技术交通行业重点实验室,天津300456

出　　处：《四川环境》2022年第4期163-167,共5页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所科技发展基金前瞻性、储备性技术研究项目(KJFZJJ190202)。

摘　　要：西藏是我国天然草原面积最大的地区,公路为区域最主要的交通运输方式。在公路建设过程中,临时工程的设置将不可避免占用草原,使原地貌和地表植被遭到破坏。当草原生态环境遭受损害后,公路建设单位理应对损害的草原承担一定的赔偿费,以用于被损害草原的修复。以西藏某公路项目为研究对象,提出了基于ENVI和ARCGIS技术的公路占用草原类型和面积识别方法;在对草原价值构成分析的基础上,探讨适于公路建设草原生态赔偿费核算的理论框架与方法,并通过对普兰县、札达县调查发现,部分受偿牧民因两地赔偿标准差异较大而认为赔偿工作有失公平。据此,文章提出草原生态赔偿费核算所采用的标准应在当地草地补偿标准的基础上,同时考虑赔偿主体和受偿客体双方的支付和受偿意愿,增加调整系数,以提高赔偿费的合理性和赔偿工作的可行性。Tibet is the region with the largest area of natural grassland in china,and highway is the main mode of transportation in Tibet.In the process of highway construction,temporary engineering will inevitably occupy grasslands and destroy the original landform and surface vegetation.When the grassland ecological environment is damaged,the highway construction department should pay compensation for the damaged grassland,and the compensation is used to repair the damaged grasslands.Taking a highway project in Tibet as the research object,this paper puts forward the identification method of grassland type and area occupiedby highway based on ENVI and ARCGIS technology.Based on the analysis of grassland value composition,this paper discussed the theoretical framework and accounting method of grassland ecological compensation suitable for highway construction.Based on the investigation in Burang County and Zanda County,it is found that some of the compensated herdsmen think that the compensation is unfair due to the large difference of compensation standards between the two places.Thereout,this paper puts forward that the standard of grassland ecological compensation accounting should base on the local grassland compensation standard,and the payment and compensation willingness of both the compensation subject and the compensation object should also be?considered simultaneously,to add an adjustment factor to improve the reasonableness of compensation and the feasibility of compensation work.

关 键 词：青藏高原 公路 草原 生态赔偿 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]