海洋浮游植物和藻际细菌的相互作用关系及其在海洋生态系统中的重要作用  

The Interactions between Marine Phytoplankton and Bacterioplankton in Phycosphere and Their Important Roles in Marine Ecosystem

作　　者：王慧 蔡润林 甘永亮 陈悦蓉 李灵钰 杨小雨 谢建民 WANG Hui;CAI Runlin;GAN Yongliang;CHEN Yuerong;LI Lingyu;YANG Xiaoyu;XIE Jianmin(Biology Department,College of Science,Shantou University,Shantou,515063,Guangdong China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou,511458,Guangdong China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Shantou University,Shantou,515063,Guangdong China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学理学院生物系,广东汕头515063 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [3]广东省海洋生物技术重点实验室,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第3期3-21,共19页Journal of Shantou University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目(92051118);广东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(2022B151520017);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0606)。

摘　　要：浮游植物是海洋环境的主要初级生产者,是海洋食物链和食物网结构的基础,在海洋生态系统中占据着重要的地位.浮游细菌是海洋环境中另一类重要的微生物,介导着碳、氮、磷、硫、铁等元素的生物地球化学循环.浮游植物会向四周的海水中释放有机物质,为其与细菌之间的物质交换提供了一个关键界面,这种浮游植物与细菌相互作用的微环境称为藻际环境.在藻际环境中,浮游微藻与细菌之间存在着错综复杂又紧密联系的关系,包括互利共生、寄生、偏利共生、竞争等.浮游植物和藻际细菌这种紧密的相互关系在海洋生态系统中发挥着重要的作用.两者协同驱动着海洋中重要生源物质的生物地球化学循环过程,并通过介导一系列含硫物质的代谢和转化影响气候变化.在海洋环境藻华的生消过程中,藻际细菌起着关键的调控作用.藻际环境中还蕴涵着丰富的微生物种质资源、基因资源以及化合物资源,是开发新型化合物的一个重要宝库.本论文聚焦海洋环境中浮游植物和藻际细菌两类重要的微生物,探讨两者之间紧密的相互作用关系以及产生这种相互作用的机制,并对两者协同驱动的生态过程进行总结.进一步,基于笔者团队的研究,对该领域未来研究方向进行展望.本综述将有助于人们深入认识海洋环境中两类重要的微型生物之间的相互作用关系及其作用.Phytoplankton is one of the key players in the marine environment as the predominant primary producer and the basis of the marine food chain and the food web.Bacterioplankton is another key player in the marine environment and mediates the biogeochemical cycling of essential elements,such as carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur,and iron.Phytoplankton cells secrete organic compounds into surrounding seawater,which provides a vital interface for exchanging material with bacteria.The microenvironment in which phytoplankton interact with bacterioplankton is called phycosphere.There are complex and close relationships between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in the phycosphere,including mutualism,commensalism,antagonism,parasitism,and competition.The closely symbiotic relationship between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton has the most important function of regulating the marine ecosystem.Phytoplankton and bacteria in the phycosphere mediate the biogeochemical cycling of the essential elements synergistically,including the metabolism and transformation of organosulfur compounds,thus ultimately influencing climate change.Bacteria in the phycosphere also have a crucial role in stimulating and terminating harmful algal blooms.Moreover,the phycosphere contains abundant valuable microbial,genetic,and chemical resources,which can be used for exploiting novel natural products.In the current review,we focus on phytoplankton and bacteria in phycosphere,as the two key players in the marine environments;discuss their synergistic relationship and the intrinsic mechanism;and summarize the ecological process mediated by both players.Further,the perspectives for future studies in this field are mentioned based on our research.The current review helps understand the two important microbes in the marine environment and their fundamental functions.

关 键 词：浮游植物 异养细菌 相互作用 生物地球化学循环 活性物质 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]