基于热平衡试验分析冷却系统对高强化柴油机的影响  

On the Influence of Cooling System upon a Highly-intensified Diesel Engine Based on Heat Balance Experiment

作　　者：张博[1] 张萍[1] 郭旭[2] 曾凡明[1] ZHANG Bo;ZHANG Ping;GUO Xu;ZENG Fan-ming(College of Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;Navy Representative Office of PLA in Wuhu,Wuhu Anhui 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033 [2]中国人民解放军驻芜湖军代室,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《船海工程》2022年第4期59-66,共8页Ship & Ocean Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”预研项目(3020401030403);湖北省自然科学基金(2016CFB62)。

摘　　要：对某船用高强化柴油机设计智能控制冷却系统热平衡试验台架,对原机进行热平衡试验,分析冷却系统与柴油机的匹配特性;开展变冷却液流量热平衡试验,分析冷却液流量对柴油机综合性能的影响规律,结果表明,在柴油机中、低负荷时,柴油机处于过冷状态,适当减小冷却液流量可以降低燃油消耗率、提升有效功率;在额定负荷时,随着冷却液流量的减少,有效功率占总放热量比例先增大后减小,当淡水泵转速为2000 r/min时,有效功率和燃油经济性相对最优;在过载负荷时,适当增加冷却液流量可以减小燃油消耗率;试验测得气缸盖热负荷最高值发生的位置以及缸盖材料的蠕变温度范围;认为适当降低冷却液流量可以提高发动机的动力性和经济性,但应注意爆发压力和高温部件热负荷的安全上限。The heat balance test bench equipped with an intelligent control cooling system for a marine highly-intensified diesel engine was designed.The heat balance test of the original engine was carried out to study the matching characteristics of cooling system and the diesel engine.The heat balance tests with variable coolant flow rate were carried out to study the influence of coolant flow rate on the comprehensive performance of diesel engine.The results showed that the diesel engine is over cooled under the medium and low load conditions,and reducing the coolant flow properly can reduce the fuel consumption and improve the effective power.Under the rated load condition,with the decrease of coolant flow rate,the proportion of effective power to total heat release first increases and then decreases.When the cooling pump speed is 2000 rpm,the effective power and fuel economy are relatively optimal.Under the overload conditions,increasing the coolant flow rate can reduce the fuel consumption.The location of the highest thermal load of the cylinder head and the creep temperature range of the cylinder head material were measured.It was concluded that reducing the coolant flow rate properly can improve the power performance and economy of the engine,but the safety upper limit of peak cylinder pressure and thermal load of high temperature components should be paid attention to.

关 键 词：冷却系统 柴油机 缸盖热负荷 热平衡 燃油消耗率 

分 类 号：U664.121[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] TK424.2[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]