“未竟的罗曼司”:霍桑、出版商与文学市场  

“The Uncompleted Romances”:Hawthorne,His Publishers and the Literary Market

作　　者：杨靖[1] Yang Jing

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2022年第1期77-91,共15页Journal of Literature in English

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“康科德作家群研究”(17BWW052)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：霍桑自称是美国“最不知名的作家”,他的夫人索菲亚和儿子朱利安在回忆录中也竭力打造霍桑心无旁骛、超然物外的隐士形象。本文通过考察19世纪30—60年代霍桑与历任出版商——从皮博迪、布里奇到菲尔兹、蒂克诺等——的交往互动,揭示霍桑自我包装的远离文学市场的形象本身也是一种市场策略:霍桑刻意淡化其在文学市场的丰富资源,并极力掩盖其与政商两界的深厚渊源,目的在于操控文学名声,并以此获取最佳市场回报。事实上,从19世纪30年代的报刊文章和短篇故事,到19世纪40年代一度专注于儿童文学创作,直到19世纪50年代以后致力于四大罗曼司(以及另四部“未竟的罗曼司”),霍桑的每一次创作转型,既缘于他终身未得解脱的家庭经济压力,也是他顺应19世纪中期前后美国文学市场风气变迁所做的策略调整。Hawthorne proclaimed that he was the most obscure author in America,while his wife Sophia Hawthorne and his son Julian Hawthorne in their recollections,made great efforts to mold the image of Hawthorne as a carefree recluse.This paper,through re-examination of the interactions between Hawthorne and his publishers—from Elizabeth Peabody and Horatio Bridge,to Ticknor and Fields—aims to reveal that Hawthorne’s self-portrait as a forlorn author is no other than a crafty marketing strategy.Hawthorne manipulated his literary reputation,by minimizing the importance of his abundant resources in the literary market,and by glossing over his connections with the commercial and the political circles,so as to maximize profit from the market.As a matter of fact,Hawthorne attempted several times to change literary genre during his writing career,from short stories for periodicals in the 1830s,to children’s books in the 1840 s,to romances(including the uncompleted four romances)since the 1850 s.These changes are often ascribed to the life-long financial burden from his family,but they are also strategic adjustments which were made in accordance with the change of taste in the mid-19 th century American literary market.

关 键 词：霍桑 未竟的罗曼司 文学市场 营销策略 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]