大叶茶(Camellia sinensis var. assamica)的命名、模式及自然分布  

Nomenclature, Typification, and Natural Distribution of Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Theaceae)

作　　者：赵东伟 ZHAO Dongwei(Department of Forestry,College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院林学系,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《茶叶科学》2022年第4期491-499,共9页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：中南林业科技大学引进人才科研启动基金项目(2019YJ023)。

摘　　要：大叶茶(Camellia sinensis var. assamica)在全球广泛种植,是商品茶叶的重要原料来源。本文系统地回顾了大叶茶学名的合格发表及其命名模式的研究进展。依据《深圳法规》条款41.4,Griffith在1854年将茶组[Camellia sect. Thea (L.) Griff.]作为新等级名称、而非新类群名称合格发表。老挝茶因其叶背具腺点、花柱离生而被移出茶组。Masters在1844年并未合格发表Thea assamica,此名称最早由Hooker于1847年合格发表,Steenis于1949年提出的新组合Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze var. assamica (Hook.) Steenis应为大叶茶的完整学名。英国邱园馆藏标本W. Griffith s.n.(K000939670)在2021年被指定为大叶茶的新模式。本文同时总结了迄今归并的7个大叶茶的异模式异名的原白和模式。尽管Darlington和Ammal在1945年将大叶茶作为物种处理并提出新组合名称C.assamica,多学科证据却支持大叶茶是茶的变种。假如大叶茶的物种地位被接受,那么1838年发表的大叶茶的异模式异名C. theifera将取代C. assamica而获得物种阶元上的优先权,届时,广泛使用的种加词“assamica”或可依据《深圳法规》条款14提议作为保留名称。本文同时总结了大叶茶在中国、印度、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南的自然分布点,并讨论了它在不同原产国的自然资源的保护和利用现状。Camellia sinensis var. assamica(Theaceae) is a globally cultivated plant for beverages. The efforts to clarify its nomenclature and type are reviewed here. Griffith proposed Camellia sect. Thea(L.) Griff. as a name at new rank rather than a new taxon in 1854 based on Art. 41.4 of the Shenzhen Code. Camellia sealyana T.L. Ming is excluded from sect. Thea because of its abaxially punctate leaves and free styles. Masters did not validly publish Thea assamica in 1844, but this Latin name was validated in 1847 by Hooker. Steenis first proposed the new combination, Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze var. assamica(Hook.) Steenis, in 1949, and this is the accurate scientific name for Assam tea. The specimen, W. Griffith s.n.(K000939670) at herbarium K, was designated as the neotype of T. assamica in 2021. Seven known heterotypic synonyms of C. sinensis var. assamica and their protologues and types were summarized here. Although Darlington and Ammal proposed the new combination, C. assamica, in 1945,Assam tea is, however, widely accepted as a variety of C. sinensis based on morphological, geological, and phylogenetic analyses. If the specific rank was applied, the earlier heterotypic name of Assam tea, C. theifera published in 1838, would gain priority over C. assamica. Then the widely used epithet “assamica” might be conserved under Art. 14 of the Shenzhen Code. The natural distribution of Assam tea was summarized based on the comprehensive examination of specimens collected from China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The status of natural populations of Assam tea in each country was discussed with the different applications of utilization and conservation.

关 键 词：茶组 大叶茶 中南半岛 学名 野生茶 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]