具有高静低动刚度特性的浮置板隔振器设计方法研究  

Study on design method of floating slab vibration isolator with high static and low dynamic stiffness characteristic

作　　者：刘韦 朱光楠 杜香刚 肖俊恒 杨军[2] 江成 LIU Wei;ZHU Guangnan;DU Xianggang;XIAO Junheng;YANG Jun;JIANG Cheng(Railway Engineering Research Institution,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412007,China;School of Astronautics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;State key Laboratory for Track Technology of High-speed Railway,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Tieke Shougang Railway-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081 [2]株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南株洲412007 [3]哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,哈尔滨150001 [4]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司高速铁路轨道技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [5]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084 [6]北京铁科首钢轨道技术股份有限公司,北京102206

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第15期1-10,19,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院基金(2019YJ047)。

摘　　要：在对浮置板隔振器载荷特征分析的基础上,提出了隔振器优化设计目标,基于非线性隔振理论,设计了具有高静低动刚度特性的非线性刚度曲线,并对其静态和动态特性进行了分析;针对所设计的非线性刚度曲线存在的缺陷,设计了与之匹配的最优隔振器阻尼曲线,进一步提高其隔振性能。通过对浮置板轨道用隔振器刚度和阻尼参数的非线性设计,使得隔振器兼具低频隔振和动态位移控制的能力。理论研究表明:相比线性隔振器,所设计的非线性隔振器具有更低的主共振频率,且共振峰值明显低于线性系统;相比采用既有线性钢弹簧隔振器的浮置板减振轨道系统(以下简称线性系统),采用非线性隔振器的浮置板减振轨道系统可有效控制轨道板动态位移,轨道板动态位移可降低约50%;可显著降低轨道板的振动加速度响应,振动加速度有效值可降低约46%;在低频段(≤20 Hz)的隔振效果优于线性系统,尤其在10 Hz左右处的衰减效果最为明显,分频最大振级插入损失达到11.83 dB。Here,based on load characteristics analysis of floating slab vibration isolator,the optimization design goal of vibration isolator was proposed.Based on the nonlinear vibration isolation theory,the nonlinear stiffness curve with high static-low dynamic stiffness characteristics was designed,and its static characteristics and dynamic ones were analyzed.Aiming at defects of the designed nonlinear stiffness curve,the vibration isolator’s optimal damping curve to match them was designed to further improve its vibration isolation performance.Through nonlinear design of stiffness and damping parameters of the vibration isolator for floating slab track,the vibration isolator could have abilities of lower frequency vibration isolation and dynamic displacement control.The theoretical study showed that compared with the linear vibration isolator,the designed nonlinear vibration isolator has the lower main resonance frequency,and its resonance peak is significantly lower than that of the former;compared with the floating slab vibration reduction track system with existing linear steel spring vibration isolator so called the linear system,the floating slab vibration reduction track system with nonlinear vibration isolator can effectively control dynamic displacement of track slab,and the dynamic displacement of track slab can be reduced by about 50%;the latter can significantly reduce vibration acceleration response of track slab,and the effective value of vibration acceleration can be reduced by about 46%;its vibration isolation effect in low-frequency band(≤20 Hz)is better than that of the linear system,especially,at about 10 Hz,the latter’s vibration decay effect is the most obvious,and the frequency division’s maximum vibration level insertion loss can reach 11.83 dB.

关 键 词：高静低动刚度 非线性隔振 非线性刚度 非线性阻尼 浮置板轨道 低频振动 动态位移 

分 类 号：TU311.3[建筑科学—结构工程]